Search results for "Hypothesis"
showing 10 items of 426 documents
Contrasting parental roles shape sex differences in poison frog space use but not navigational performance
2022
Sex differences in vertebrate spatial abilities are typically interpreted under the adaptive specialization hypothesis, which posits that male reproductive success is linked to larger home ranges and better navigational skills. The androgen spillover hypothesis counters that enhanced male spatial performance may be a byproduct of higher androgen levels. Animal groups that include species where females are expected to outperform males based on life-history traits are key for disentangling these hypotheses. We investigated the association between sex differences in reproductive strategies, spatial behavior, and androgen levels in three species of poison frogs. We tracked individuals in natura…
The Export-Productivity Link in Brazilian Manufacturing Firms
2015
This paper explores the link between exports and total factor productivity in Brazilian manufacturing firms over the period 2000–08. The Brazilian experience is instructive, as it is a case of an economy that expanded aggregate exports significantly, but with stagnant aggregate growth in total factor productivity. The paper first estimates firm-level total factor productivity under alternative assumptions (exogenous and endogenous law of motion for productivity) following a GMM procedure. In turn, the analysis uses stochastic dominance techniques to assess whether the ex ante most productive firms are those that start exporting (self-selection hypothesis). Finally, the paper tests whether e…
The value drivers of high-tech consumer products
2011
Abstract This study investigates the influence of the customer-value hierarchy model and social network on the perceived economic value of high-tech consumer products. This quantitative empirical study was conducted among Finnish households in early 2008 using the form interview method. The non-probability quota sampling method was applied. The data consisted of 453 completed questionnaires. Hypothesis testing was conducted by linear multiple regression analysis. Goal-, consequence-, and attribute-level value perceptions were found to have a positive effect on the perceived economic value of high-tech consumer products. Attribute-level value had the strongest effect on the formation of perc…
The origin of failure: A multidisciplinary appraisal of the hubris hypothesis and proposed research agenda
2014
The hubris hypothesis complements the extant debate on how people make judgments and decisions in organizations. Drawing on the origin of hubris in Greek mythology, the psychological approach, and finance studies, this paper portrays an informed picture of the current status of managerial hubris literature that develops a more advanced understanding of what is known about hubris. We present a conceptual map that provides a comprehensive appreciation of hubris antecedents-symptoms-strategic choices-feedback performance main cause effect relationships. Our proposed conceptual map draws on the idea that managerial hubris is one of the determinants of CEO judgments, strategic choices, and organ…
Is there contextuality in behavioural and social systems?
2015
Most behavioral and social experiments aimed at revealing contextuality are confined to cyclic systems with binary outcomes. In quantum physics, this broad class of systems includes as special cases Klyachko-Can-Binicioglu-Shumovsky-type, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bell-type, and Suppes-Zanotti-Leggett-Garg-type systems. The theory of contextuality known as Contextuality-by-Default allows one to define and measure contextuality in all such system, even if there are context-dependent errors in measurements, or if something in the contexts directly interacts with the measurements. This makes the theory especially suitable for behavioral and social systems, where direct interactions of "everythin…
Continuous-time portfolio optimization under terminal wealth constraints
1995
Typically portfolio analysis is based on the expected utility or the mean-variance approach. Although the expected utility approach is the more general one, practitioners still appreciate the mean-variance approach. We give a common framework including both types of selection criteria as special cases by considering portfolio problems with terminal wealth constraints. Moreover, we propose a solution method for such constrained problems.
Optimal control of option portfolios and applications
1999
We present an expected utility maximisation framework for optimally controlling a portfolio of options. By combining the replication approach to option pricing with ideas of the martingale approach to (stock) portfolio optimisation we arrive at an explicit solution of the option portfolio problem. Its characteristics are illustrated by some specific examples. As an application, we calculate an optimal option and consumption strategy for an investor who is obliged to hold a stock position until the time horizon.
Statistical validation of rival models for observable stochastic process and its identification
2011
In this paper, for statistical validation of rival (analytical or simulation) models collected for modeling observable process in stochastic system (say, transportation or service system), a uniformly most powerful invariant (UMPI) test is developed from the generalized maximum likelihood ratio (GMLR). This test can be considered as a result of a new approach to solving the Behrens-Fisher problem when covariance matrices of multivariate normal populations (compared with respect to their means) are different and unknown. The test makes use of an invariant statistic whose distribution, under the null hypothesis, does not depend on the unknown (nuisance) parameters. The sample size and thresho…
Modelling agricultural risk in a large scale positive mathematical programming model
2020
International audience; Mathematical programming has been extensively used to account for risk in farmers' decision making. The recent development of the positive mathematical programming (PMP) has renewed the need to incorporate risk in a more robust and flexible way. Most of the existing PMP-risk models have been tested at farm-type level and for a very limited sample of farms. This paper presents and tests a novel methodology for modelling risk at individual farm level in a large scale model, called individual farm model for common agricultural policy analysis (IFM-CAP). Results show a clear trade-off between including and excluding the risk specification. Albeit both alternatives provid…
Solving dynamic memory allocation problems in embedded systems with parallel variable neighborhood search strategies
2015
International audience; Embedded systems have become an essential part of our lives, thanks to their evolution in the recent years, but the main drawback is their power consumption. This paper is focused on improving the memory allocation of embedded systems to reduce their power consumption. We propose a parallel variable neighborhood search algorithm for the dynamic memory allocation problem, and compare it with the state of the art. Computational results and statistical tests applied show that the proposed algorithm produces significantly better outcomes than the previous algorithm in shorter computing time.