Search results for "Hypoventilation"

A New Evaluation of Emergency Methods for Artificial Ventilation

1968

SUMMARY The effect of artificial ventilation by the exhaled-air methods (mouth-to-nose and mouth-to-mouth) and chest-pressure-arm-lift methods (Ho-ward-Thomsen, Silvester-Brosch, Holger Nielsen) was investigated in 11 anaesthetised apnoeic volunteers. The efficiency of these methods was assessed by the changes in arterial PO2, O2 saturation, PCO2 and pH. It could be shown that the exhaled-air methods ensured normal PO2 and O2 saturation in all cases, while the ventilation by the manual methods was insufficient. Even though normal oxygenation was achieved by the manual methods in some cases, others were extremely hypoventilated, with critically low O2 tensions. pH and CO2 tensions did not ch…

Imaging of the lungs using 3he MRI: Preliminary clinical experience in 18 patients with and without lung disease

1997

The purpose of this study was to describe the 3He MRI findings of normal pulmonary ventilation in healthy volunteers and to evaluate abnormalities in patients with different lung diseases. Hyperpolarized 3He gas (300 ml, 3 x 10(5) Pa, polarized to 35-45% by optical pumping, provided in special glass cells) was inhaled by 8 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with different lung diseases. Imaging was performed with a three-dimensional fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence (TR = 11.8 msec; TE = 5 msec; transmitter amplitude, 5-8 V; corresponding flip angle, < 5 degrees) in a single breath-hold (22-42 seconds). Clinical and radiological examinations were available for correlation. The studies we…

Use of autobilevel ventilation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: An observational study.

2017

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the first-choice treatment for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing. Automatic bilevel ventilation can be used to treat obstructive sleep-disordered breathing when CPAP is ineffective, but clinical experience is still limited. To assess the outcome of titration with CPAP and automatic bilevel ventilation, the charts of 356 outpatients (obstructive sleep apnea, n = 242; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease + obstructive sleep apnea overlap, n = 80; obesity hypoventilation syndrome [OHS], n = 34; 103 females) treated for obstructive sleep-disordered breathing from January 2014 to April 2017 were reviewed. Positive airway pressure titration was …

Kyphoscoliosis ventilatory insufficiency: noninvasive management outcomes.

2000

Objective: To determine the effects on symptoms, pulmonary function, sleep, and other clinical variables of treating kyphoscoliosis-associated chronic alveolar hypoventilation with nocturnal nasal ventilation. Design: Sixteen patients with kyphoscoliosis were treated with nocturnal nasal ventilation delivered by volume-cycled (seven patients) and pressure-cycled (nine patients) ventilators. Dyspnea, morning headaches, fatigue, hypersomnolence, and perceived sleep quality were assessed. Results: All pretreatment symptoms improved significantly with nasal ventilation. Likewise, Pao 2 (mm Hg), Pao 2 /Fio 2 , Paco 2 (mm Hg), pH, and forced vital capacity (in milliliters and as a percentage of p…

Accuracy of delivered versus preset minute ventilation of portable emergency ventilators.

1989

The accuracy of delivered minute volume (VE) ventilation of portable emergency ventilators (PEV) was evaluated. Five PEV from three manufacturers were adapted to an artificial lung for varying compliance and resistance. Each PEV was tested in the "no airmix" (pure oxygen) and "airmix" (approximately 60% oxygen) setting at different frequencies and VE. Measurement of delivered VE (VEdel) was made using a pneumotachograph and digital integration of the flow values greater than 1 min (maximal error +/- 2%). Maximal inspiratory pressure (Pinsp) was measured with a transducer. Two PEV from one manufacturer produced severe hyperventilation when used at low VE (i.e., in children). Two other PEV fr…

Effect of Hyper- and Hypoventilation on CBF during Anesthesia

1969

Alexander and Wollman [1, 2, 4, 8], Harper [5] and McDowall and other investigators have published observations on CBF during anaesthesia in man and dog, when arterial pCO2 was altered by hyper- or hypoventilation.

Development of chronic hypoventilation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients

2006

SummaryEarly prediction of respiratory muscle involvement and chronic hypoventilation (CH) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients can help to plan mechanical ventilatory aids and palliative care interventions well before respiratory failure occurs. To describe the natural history of the progressive pulmonary dysfunction leading to CH, and to identify potential parameters associated with its development in ALS, we prospectively followed 38 ALS patients up to 26 months, starting from their first presentation at our Clinic. At study entry, median FVC was 87% (interquartile range: 72–104%) and declined by 10% after 6 months (range: 2–49%), showing a very high inter-patient variability.…

Neuromuscular and Chest Wall Diseases in Pregnancy

2009

Patients with severe respiratory muscle impairment, in particular when vital capa-city is below 60% of the predicted normal values, are often discouraged frombecoming pregnant for fear of respiratory complications and the need for tra-cheostomy and invasive mechanical ventilation (1). A growing fetus can impairthe functioning of weak diaphragms resulting in lower vital capacity and respira-tory reserve and impair cough function. In addition, there is increased oxygenconsumption and ventilation requirement. Complications in pregnancy and theneed for analgesics and anesthesia during labor and delivery can also cause orexacerbate ventilatory failure.Neuromuscular DiseasesNeuromuscular diseases…

2013

Rodents are most useful models to study physiological and pathophysiological processes in early development, because they are born in a relatively immature state. However, only few techniques are available to monitor non-invasively heart frequency and respiratory rate in neonatal rodents without restraining or hindering access to the animal. Here we describe experimental procedures that allow monitoring of heart frequency by electrocardiography (ECG) and breathing rate with a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) element without hindering access to the animal. These techniques can be easily installed and are used in the present study in unrestrained awake and anesthetized neonatal C57/Bl6 mice and…

Compliance to ventilatory treatment in a cohort of patients on home CPAP or NIV: analysis by diagnosis, treatment type, and comorbidities

2019

Background: Patients on home continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or noninvasive ventilation (NIV) show large variability in compliance to treatment. Aim: To identify predictors of poor compliance, we evaluated compliance to treatment in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), and OSA-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome. Methods: We analyzed clinical and compliance data provided by a single home care provider, in 602 patients (n=442 OSA, males (M) 308; 38 OHS M=15, and 122 overlap M=111) on home CPAP/NIV in the province of Agrigento, Italy, after one year of treatment. The following variables were considered: age, …