Search results for "IMMUNOLOGY"
showing 10 items of 9651 documents
Peri-Implant Behavior of Tissue Level Dental Implants with a Convergent Neck
2021
Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the radiographic peri-implant bone loss of bone level implants and tissue level implants with a convergent neck in screw-retained single crowns and in screw-retained fixed partial prostheses, after two years of functional loading. Materials and methods: The sample was divided into two groups according to their type: Group I: supracrestal implants with convergent transmucosal neck
Single-cell analysis of population context advances RNAi screening at multiple levels
2012
Isogenic cells in culture show strong variability, which arises from dynamic adaptations to the microenvironment of individual cells. Here we study the influence of the cell population context, which determines a single cell's microenvironment, in image‐based RNAi screens. We developed a comprehensive computational approach that employs Bayesian and multivariate methods at the single‐cell level. We applied these methods to 45 RNA interference screens of various sizes, including 7 druggable genome and 2 genome‐wide screens, analysing 17 different mammalian virus infections and four related cell physiological processes. Analysing cell‐based screens at this depth reveals widespread RNAi‐induce…
Toll Like Receptors as Sensors of the Tumor Microbial Dysbiosis: Implications in Cancer Progression
2021
Microbiota is a complex ecosystem of active microorganisms resident in the body of mammals. Although the majority of these microorganisms resides at the distal gastrointestinal tract, high-throughput DNA sequencing technology have made possible to understand that several other tissues of the human body host their own microbiota, even those once considered sterile, such as lung tissue. These bacterial communities have important functions in maintaining a healthy body state and the host immune system has evolved multiple mechanisms by which maintaining a symbiotic relationship with the microbiota. The maintenance of this dialogue allows the induction of protective responses to pathogens and r…
Interferon α interferes with immunological tolerance.
2013
The ability of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to promote immunological tolerance represents an important obstacle in cancer immunotherapy. We have recently discovered that the clinically established immunotherapeutic agent interferon α (IFNα) inactivates the suppressive functions of human Tregs. Here, we outline the mechanisms whereby IFNα mediates this important function and discuss its therapeutic implications for cancer immunotherapy.
Mast cells as protectors of health.
2019
Mast cells (MCs), which are well known for their effector functions in T(H)2-skewed allergic and also autoimmune inflammation, have become increasingly acknowledged for their role in protection of health. It is now clear that they are also key modulators of immune responses at interface organs, such as the skin or gut. MCs can prime tissues for adequate inflammatory responses and cooperate with dendritic cells in T-cell activation. They also regulate harmful immune responses in trauma and help to successfully orchestrate pregnancy. This review focuses on the beneficial effects of MCs on tissue homeostasis and elimination of toxins or venoms. MCs can enhance pathogen clearance in many bacter…
Ultraviolet A1 radiation induces nitric oxide synthase-2 expression in human skin endothelial cells in the absence of proinflammatory cytokines.
2001
Skin exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight causes erythema and edema formation as well as inflammatory responses. As some of these ultraviolet-induced effects are potentially mediated by nitric oxide synthases, we examined the role of cytokines and ultraviolet A 1 radiation (340–400 nm) on the expression of the nitric oxide synthase-2 in endothelia of normal human skin biopsies during short-term organ culture as well as expression and activity of the nitric oxide synthase-2 in in vitro cell cultures of human dermal endothelial cells. Both, cytokine challenge (interleukin-1β + tumor necrosis factor-α + interferon-γ) but also ultraviolet A 1 exposure (50 J per cm 2 ) in the absence …
Real-world experience with obeticholic acid in patients with primary biliary cholangitis
2021
Background & aims Obeticholic acid (OCA) is the second-line treatment approved for patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and an inadequate response or intolerance to ursodeoxycholic acid. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of OCA under real-world conditions. Methods Patients were recruited into the Italian PBC Registry, a multicentre, observational cohort study that monitors patients with PBC at national level. The primary endpoint was the biochemical response according to Poise criteria; the secondary endpoint was the biochemical response according to normal range criteria, defined as normal levels of bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransfer…
Could PD-1/PDL1 immune checkpoints be linked to HLA signature?
2019
The outstanding clinical expansion of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) and PD-1 ligand-1 (PDL-1) (atezolizumab, avelumab and durvalumab) has received an increasing level of interest regarding immunotherapy and multidrug combinations, for the treatment of a number of common human malignancies. Some patients treated with these agents receive remarkable benefits in term of quality of life, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). However, a significant percentage of these patients experience immune-related adverse events (irAEs), while others present with an ultra-rapid disease progression, defined as hyperprogressio…
The Role of Existential Concerns in the Individual’s Decisions regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Survey among Non-Vaccinated Italian Adults during…
2022
Recent studies have suggested that health constructs embraced by the Terror Management Theory (TMT) and the Basic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT) may drive individuals’ COVID-19 health-related decisions. This study examines the relationships between existential concerns (ECs; within the TMT), basic psychological needs (BPNs; within the BPNT) and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH), as well as the mediating role of negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from April to May 2021 on a sample of two hundred and eighty-seven adults (Mage = 36.04 ± 12.07; 59.9% females). Participants provided information regarding existential concerns, basic psychologica…
Incidence and dynamics of active cytomegalovirus infection in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients according to single nucleotide polymorphisms i…
2014
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the activation or regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses may modulate the susceptibility to and the natural history of certain chronic viral infections. The current study aimed to investigate whether donor and recipient SNPs in the chemokine receptor 5 (rs1800023), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (rs13900), interleukin-10 (rs1878672), and Toll-like receptor 9 (rs352140) genes would exert any influence on the rate of incidence and features of CMV DNAemia in the allogeneic stem cell transplantation setting. This was a retrospective observational multicenter study. The cohort consisted of 102 non-consecutive allogeneic …