Search results for "INFECTIONS"
showing 10 items of 2671 documents
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp. and the Major Foodborne Pathogens in Calves in Latvia
2018
The aim of the present study was to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of fecal indicators and major foodborne pathogens in feces of calves and to identify the factors associated with increased prevalence of resistant bacteria on farms. Altogether, 180 rectal swabs were collected from 18 farms in Latvia. Samples were investigated to detect the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Campylobacter spp. Among all, 64% (74/110) of commensal E. coli, 100% (78/78) Enterococcus faecalis and 96% (22/23) Enterococcus faecium isolates were resistant at …
Interactions between bacteria and Cryptosporidium molnari in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) under farm and laboratory conditions
2006
The possible interaction of Cryptosporidium molnari and bacteria in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) was studied. Epidemiological data from a pathological survey under farm conditions were analyzed. In addition, parasite and bacteria burdens were studied in experimental models in which naturally and experimentally parasitized fish were challenged with a particular strain of Vibrio harveyi (H57). All the bacteria species present were studied. Under farm conditions, the parasite was more prevalent when mortality or morbidity cases (study C) occurred than in randomly sampled fish (study B). In study C, parasite abundance was significantly higher in bacteria-negative fish, and total bacteria …
Absolute Humidity Influences the Seasonal Persistence and Infectivity of Human Norovirus
2014
ABSTRACT Norovirus (NoV) is one of the main causative agents of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. In temperate climates, outbreaks peak during the winter season. The mechanism by which climatic factors influence the occurrence of NoV outbreaks is unknown. We hypothesized that humidity is linked to NoV seasonality. Human NoV is not cultivatable, so we used cultivatable murine norovirus (MNV) as a surrogate to study its persistence when exposed to various levels of relative humidity (RH) from low (10% RH) to saturated (100% RH) conditions at 9 and 25°C. In addition, we conducted similar experiments with virus-like particles (VLPs) from the predominant GII-4 norovirus and studied changes in bin…
Comparison of a Manual and an Automated Method to Estimate the Number of Uterine Eggs in Anisakid Nematodes: To Coulter or Not to Coulter. Is That th…
2007
Studies reporting numbers of eggs in vagina and utero in nematodes often give little information of the technique used for the estimations. This situation hampers comparison among studies, because, so far, differences in estimations provided by different techniques have not been assessed. This note examines whether a manual method based on visual counts in aliquots and an automated method using a Coulter counter yield equivalent estimations of egg numbers in vagina and utero of 3 anisakid nematode species (Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, and Contracaecum osculatum). The number of eggs from 50 females per nematode species was estimated using both techniques. The automated and ma…
Carriage of potentially fish-pathogenic bacteria in Sparus aurata cultured in Mediterranean fish farms.
2003
A bacteriological survey of gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata from different fish farms and culture systems on the Spanish Mediterranean coast was conducted. Three different studies were performed. Study A included hatchery-reared larvae; Study B, periodic examination of randomly sampled growing fish; and Study C, growing fish sampled only during mortality/morbidity events. In Studies B and C, sea cages, earth ponds and indoor tanks were surveyed, and in both cases diseased (showing clinical signs) and non-diseased fish were included. In Study A, a shift from Vibrio spp. (30 d after hatching) to oxidative species (60 d after hatching) was detected, and no mortality events were registered. Th…
Transmission, infectivity and survival of Diplostomum spathaceum cercariae
2003
The transmission dynamics of the cercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum were investigated under laboratory conditions using cercariae collected from naturally infected Lymnaea stagnalis. Cercariae were kept in a constant temperature of 20 °C and the survival and infectivity to naïve young rainbow trout recorded at 3-h intervals until few cercariae were alive. Mortality initially remained constant but increased rapidly after 20 h. While a model of constant mortality fitted the survival data, an age-dependent model provided a better fit and implied that cercariae tended to carry similar quantities of resources and once these were exhausted the cercariae died. Cercarial infectivity also showed an…
Influence of rearing conditions on Flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum).
2005
The influence of rearing conditions on Flavobacterium columnare infection of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was studied experimentally in the laboratory and at a fish farm. In experiment I, the effect of parasitic infection on columnaris disease was studied using F. columnare carrier fish. The fish were exposed to Diplostomum spathaceum cercariae and a set of other stressors in order to induce clinical columnaris infection. Parasitic infection and other stressors failed to induce the disease. Disease occurred when the fish were challenged with F. columnare, but D. spathaceum infection did not enhance the severity of the infection. In experiment II, the influence of rearing de…
The effect of metals on condition and pathologies of European eel (Anguilla anguilla): in situ and laboratory experiments.
2011
Forty-nine wild eels (Anguilla anguilla) caught in the Albufera Lake (Spain), measuring 24.0-75.0 cm in length and 25.0-637.7 g in weight, were examined for metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn), condition (CI and HSI indices), as well as for diseases (Anguillicola infestation; bacterial infections). Total metal load significantly increased in eel liver tissue parallel to total length and body weight (log), while silvering females (W(B) > 200 g; L ≥ 500 mm) exhibited the highest amounts of Co, Cu, Hg, Se and Zn. Diverse effects may be expected in these big eels due to long-term metal exposure. In fact, IMBI (individual mean (multi-metal) bioaccumulation index) and copper load (…
Bovine paramphistomosis in Galicia (Spain): Prevalence, intensity, aetiology and geospatial distribution of the infection
2013
12 páginas, 5 figuras, 4 tablas.
Data quality of 5 years of central norovirus outbreak reporting in the European Network for food-borne viruses
2008
ABSTRACT Background The food-borne viruses in Europe (FBVE) network database was established in 1999 to monitor trends in outbreaks of gastroenteritisdue to noroviruses (NoVs), to identify major transmission routes of NoV infections within and between participating countries and to detectdiffuse international food-borne outbreaks.Methods We reviewed the total of 9430 NoVoutbreak reports from 13 countries with date of onset between 1 January 2002 and 1 January2007 for representativeness, completeness and timeliness against these objectives.Results Rates of reporting ranged from a yearly average of 1.8 in 2003 to 11.6 in 2006. Completeness of reporting of an agreed minimumdataset improved ove…