Search results for "INFECTIONS"
showing 10 items of 2671 documents
Chronic inflammation causing spinal cord compression in human immunodeficiency virus infection
2008
BACKGROUND: The incidence of central nervous system involvement has increased in the setting of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although rarely reported, spinal cord compression, in the setting of AIDS, has been associated with primary lymphoma or opportunistic infections. CASE REPORT: The authors describe the case of a young man who was admitted to our institution with rapid and progressive paraplegia. Imaging studies revealed an extramedullary lesion compressing the spinal cord spanning 3 thoracic levels. Surgical treatment was performed, and the compressing process completely excised. Histologic examination of the lesion showed a chronic inflammatory tissue with many necrotic…
Are Adiponectin and Leptin Good Predictors of Surgical Infection after Colorectal Surgery? A Prospective Study
2015
Infections are the most frequent complication after colorectal surgery. It has been suggested that adipose tissue metabolism could be related to the risk of post-operative infection, but this could be partially related to the body-mass index. The aim of this study was to look for a relation between adipocytokine levels and the risk of post-operative infection and its type.This prospective cohort study was conducted between March 2013 and March 2014 in two French teaching hospitals. Pre-operative plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin were measured in consecutive patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. All infections in the 30 d following surgery were recorded.Among the 142 patient…
Role of TLR4 polymorphisms in inflammatory responses: implications for unsuccessful aging.
2007
The total burden of infection at various sites may affect the progression of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the risk being modulated by host genotype. The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor TLR4 is paradigmatic. It initiates the innate immune response against gram-negative bacteria, and TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), such as +896A/G, known to attenuate receptor signaling, have been described. This SNP shows a significantly lower frequency in patients affected by myocardial infarction or AD. Thus, people genetically predisposed to developing lower inflammatory activity seem to have less chance of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or AD. In the presen…
Elevated levels of anti-endotoxin antibodies in patients with bilateral idiopathic acute anterior uveitis
2010
. Purpose: Endotoxins have been proved to be responsible for acute anterior uveitis (AAU) in animals in a well-established experimental model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). The purpose of our study was the detection of antibodies against endotoxins of selected enterobacteria in the serum of patients with idiopathic AAU and searching for correlations between the levels of these antibodies and the presence of HLA-B27 antigen as well as characteristic signs of EIU such as bilaterality and the absence of spontaneous recurrences of the disease. Methods: Reactions of serum IgG antibodies with lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) of Escherichia coli O1, E. coli O10, E. coli O111, E. coli J5, and Kleb…
"Dangerous liaisons: NAFLD and liver fibrosis increase cardiovascular risk in HIV".
2022
Objectives Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease in the general population. We aimed to assess the impact of NAFLD and liver fibrosis on intermediate-high cardiovascular risk in people living with HIV. Methods We included people living with HIV from three cohorts. NAFLD and significant liver fibrosis were defined using transient elastography: controlled attenuation parameter >= 288 dB/m and liver stiffness measurement >= 7.1 kPa, respectively. Cardiovascular risk was assessed with the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk estimator in patients aged between 40 and 75 years and categorised as low if <5%, borderline …
Suboptimal performance of APRI and FIB-4 in ruling out significant fibrosis and confirming cirrhosis in HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected pat…
2018
Purpose: We aimed to assess the diagnostic reliability of two indirect biomarkers, APRI and FIB-4, for the staging of liver fibrosis using transient elastography (TE) as reference standard, among HIV/HCV co-infected and HCV mono-infected patients. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective study on subjects who had access to the RESIST HCV from October 2013 to December 2016, a regional network encompassing 22 hospitals and academic centers throughout Sicily. Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy of indirect biomarkers for liver stiffness measurement (LSM) < 9.5 kPa (significant fibrosis) and LSM ≥ 12.5 kPa (cirrhosis) were determined by receiver operator characteristics …
Raltegravir Pharmacokinetics in Patients on Asunaprevir-Daclatasvir.
2015
ABSTRACT Raltegravir pharmacokinetics was studied in 20 patients included in the ANRS HC30 QUADRIH Study before and after addition of anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) quadritherapy, including pegylated-interferon–ribavirin and asunaprevir plus daclatasvir. Raltegravir pharmacokinetic parameters remained unchanged whether administered on or off anti-HCV therapy. In addition, concentrations of raltegravir, asunaprevir, and daclatasvir were not affected by liver cirrhosis. These data suggest that in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-HCV-coinfected patients, whether cirrhotic or not, asunaprevir and daclatasvir could be administered safely with raltegravir.
Impact of comorbidities on the severity of chronic hepatitis B at presentation.
2011
AIM: To evaluate the clinical relevance of each cofactor on clinical presentation of chronic hepatitis B. METHODS: Out of 1366 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive subjects consecutively observed in 79 Italian hospitals, 53 (4.3%) showed as the only cofactor hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection [hepatitis B virus (HBV)/HDV group], 130 (9.5%) hepatitis C virus (HCV) (group HBV/HCV), 6 (0.4%) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (group HBV/HIV), 138 (10.2%) alcohol abuse (group HBV/alcohol); 109 (8.0%) subjects had at least two cofactors and 924 were in the cofactor-free (CF) group. RESULTS: Compared with patients in group CF those in group HBV/alcohol were older and more frequently had ci…
Early experiences from one of the first treatment programs for chronic hepatitis B in sub-Saharan Africa
2017
Treatment for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is virtually absent in sub-Saharan Africa. Here we present early experiences from a pilot program for treatment of CHB in Ethiopia. Adults (≥18 years) with CHB were included in a cohort study at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, from February 2015. The baseline assessment included liver function tests, viral markers and transient elastography (Fibroscan 402, Echosense, France). Logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of fibrosis. Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) was initiated based on the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria, with some modifications. The initial 300 patients …
Generalized Linear Model (GLM) framework for the association of host variables and viral strains with liver fibrosis in HCV/HIV coinfected patients
2012
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the main cause of advanced and end-stage liver disease world-wide, and an important factor of morbidity and mortality in Human Immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) co-infected individuals. Whereas the genetic variability of HCV has been studied extensively in monoinfected patients, comprehensive analyses of both patient and virus characteristics are still scarce in HCV/HIV co-infection. In order to find correlates for liver damage, we sought to analyze demographic, epidemiological and clinical features of HCV/HIV co-infected patients along with the genetic makeup of HCV (viral subtypes and lineage studied by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic ana…