Search results for "INFECTIONS"
showing 10 items of 2671 documents
Long-Term Followup Of 158 Young Adults Surgically Treated For Vesicoureteral Reflux In Childhood: The Ongoing Risk Of Urinary Tract Infections
2002
We recorded urinary tract infections in the long term after surgical reflux correction.A total of 158 of 189 patients (160 females and 29 males) who were followed in 1985, an average of 10.8 years after reflux surgery were contacted again in 1995. At that time median patient age was 26 years (range 15.7 to 38.8) and the average period of observation was 20.3 years (range 13.4 to 26).In 82% of the patients febrile and in 18% afebrile symptomatic urinary tract infections had developed preoperatively. In the first 10-year period after operation 46% of patients continued to have symptomatic urinary tract infections compared with 52% in the second 10-year interval. In the 2 periods the incidence…
Rome consensus conference - statement; human papilloma virus diseases in males
2013
Background Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a very resistant, ubiquitous virus that can survive in the environment without a host. The decision to analyse HPV-related diseases in males was due to the broad dissemination of the virus, and, above all, by the need to stress the importance of primary and secondary prevention measures (currently available for women exclusively). The objective of the Consensus Conference was to make evidence-based recommendations that were designed to facilitate the adoption of a standard approach in clinical practice in Italy. Methods The Sponsoring Panel put a series of questions to the members of the Scientific Committee who prepared a summary of the currently av…
Endophthalmitis following penetrating eye injuries
1997
Postinjury endophthalmitis is the eye infection with the worst prognosis. A retrospective 9-year study was made of penetrating eye injuries, with an analysis of the incidence of infection and its relation to the type of wound and the presence of intraocular foreign bodies. There were 403 cases of penetrating eye injury; of these, 233 affected the cornea and 170 involved the posterior pole. Intraocular foreign bodies were present in 40 cases. Endophthalmitis developed in 4.2% of cases (17/403), and was more common in patients with posterior pole involvement (7%) than in purely corneal trauma (2.1%) (p = 0.03, Chi-square). Infection was in turn more frequent in the presence of intraocular for…
The Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio as a marker of recovery status in patients with severe dental infection.
2017
Background The aim of the study was to assess the value of pretreatment neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio and mean platelet volume (MPV) and the correlation between these markers with progression in patients with severe odontogenic infection. Material and Methods A cohort of 100 patients with severe odontogenic infection were divided into 2 groups according to their length of hospital stay. The N/L ratio and MPV was measured in all patients. The correlation in all patients between preoperative fever, preoperative antibiotic doses, postoperative antibiotic doses, total antibiotic doses and hospital stay with N/L ratio and MPV were analyzed. The Youden index was used to identify the optimal c…
Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in plastic surgery: A prospective study of 1100 adult patients.
2011
Summary Background Although guidelines for antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) exist, specific guidelines for plastic surgery are missing and there is a tendency towards excessive administration of antibiotics. A total of 1100 patients were prospectively studied according to an evidence-based protocol to investigate if limiting antibiotic prophylaxis to high-risk cases does increase the infection rate. Methods Between April 2009 and April 2010, 1100 consecutive patients undergoing elective reconstructive or cosmetic procedures were enrolled. Procedures were classified into four groups, and prophylactic antibiotics were only administered perioperatively in 23.4%…
Transmission of Drug-Resistant HIV Type 1 Strains in HAART-Naive Patients: A 5-Year Retrospective Study in Sicily, Italy
2010
The transmission of drug-resistant HIV-1 strains might compromise the efficacy of current first-line antiretroviral (ARV) regimens. Between 2004 and 2008, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease (PR) genes of 108 ARVnaive Sicilian patients were amplified and sequenced to describe the prevalence of ARV resistance mutations among HAART-naive HIV-1-infected individuals. The frequency of transmitted drug resistance mutations (DRAMs) was determined by using genotypic interpretation algorithms. The proportion of HAART-naive HIV- 1-infected patients in Sicily increased from 18.4% to 23.5% during 2004–2008. Among naive patients, the overall prevalence of DRAMs was 15.7% [17/108; 95% CI: 9.4–2…
Spontaneously‐resolving episodes of cytomegalovirus DNAemia in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Virological features and cli…
2018
It has been reported that low-plasma cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA loads are associated with an increased risk of overall mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Utilizing a conservative strategy for initiation of preemptive antiviral therapy (>1500 IU/mL), we characterized the virological features of spontaneously-resolving episodes of CMV DNAemia and assessed their impact on mortality through the first year after transplantation. We reviewed the CMV DNA polymerase chain reaction results and clinical charts of 230 consecutive adult patients who underwent T-cell replete allo-HSCT at our center. A total of 280 episodes of CMV DNAemia were registered in 164 pa…
Aetiology and epidemiology of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks in Catalonia (Spain) in 2004-2005.
2007
Abstract Background Acute infectious gastroenteritis causes substantial morbidity and economic loss. Objective The aetiology, epidemiology, and clinical features of acute viral gastroenteritis outbreaks reported during 1 year in Catalonia were investigated. Study Design This was a population-based study in which enzyme immunoassay and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used to determine the presence of virus in stool specimens from outbreaks clinically and epidemiologically compatible with a viral aetiology and negative for bacteria, parasites and toxins. Results Sixty outbreaks affecting 1791 people were evaluated. Fifty-five outbreaks were positive fo…
HPV DNA in clinically different variants of oral leukoplakia and lichen planus
2004
Abstract Objectives Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison with that in healthy oral mucosa, also conditionally to age, gender, smoking, and drinking habits of patients, so as to investigate any possible association of HPV infection with a specific clinical variant of OL or OLP. Study design We did research on HPV DNA in 68 cases of OL (homogeneous form [H] in 45 cases and nonhomogeneous form [non-H] in 23 cases), and in 71 cases of OLP (nonatrophic/erosive form [non-AE] in 27 cases, atrophic/erosive form [AE] in 44 cases). HPV DNA was investigated in exfoliated oral mucosa c…
Voriconazole versus itraconazole for antifungal prophylaxis following allogeneic haematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation
2011
Antifungal prophylaxis for allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplant (alloHCT) recipients should prevent invasive mould and yeast infections (IFIs) and be well tolerated. This prospective, randomized, open-label, multicentre study compared the efficacy and safety of voriconazole (234 patients) versus itraconazole (255 patients) in alloHCT recipients. The primary composite endpoint, success of prophylaxis, incorporated ability to tolerate study drug for ≥100 d (with ≤14 d interruption) with survival to day 180 without proven/probable IFI. Success of prophylaxis was significantly higher with voriconazole than itraconazole (48·7% vs. 33·2%, P 10%) treatment-related adverse events were vom…