Search results for "INFECTIONS"
showing 10 items of 2671 documents
Essential strategies in HAI prevention and control: performance assessment through the implementation of the HAI-CoSIP tool of the GISIO-SItI group. …
2018
Healthcare-Associated Infections are a great concern for worldwide healthcare systems and represent a considerable threat to patient safety, leading to adverse clinical outcomes. A defined panel of indicators represents a key element to guide Healthcare Organizations towards identification of main gaps, implementation of effective actions and continuous improvements on Healthcare-Associated Infections prevention and control activities. A review on accreditation systems conducted by the Italian Study Group of Hospital Hygiene of the Italian Society of Hygiene Preventive Medicine and Public Health revealed a substantial heterogeneity of implemented standards and led to the development of a co…
Dispersal of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a burn intensive care unit.
2003
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a pathogen of special concern in intensive care units (ICUs). The burn units are a very susceptible habitat to colonization and infection events by this organism. In this paper isolation of MRSA from a sepsis case and from samples of the care unit air is described, along with simultaneous circulation of two clones of MRSA. Some peculiar epidemiological features of MRSA in burn intensive care wards are confirmed.
Impact of Health Care−Associated Infection in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
2018
In the era of antibiotics, nosocomial infections are still uncontrollable and represent a problem with a problematic solution. The terms nosocomial and health care−associated infections are both used for disease, absent at the time of admission, acquired by patients under medical care in the hospital or other health care facilities. Recently, the term health care−associated infection (HAI) has been introduced for the type of infection caused by a prolonged hospital stay, and it accounts for a significant risk factor for severe health issues leading to death. HAIs can occur during health care delivery for other diseases and even after patient discharge. Invasive devices such as catheters and…
État des lieux et évaluation de la surveillance des Staphylococcus aureus résistants à la méticilline (SARM) : PMSI versus surveillance Raisin
2013
Abstract Background The surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a national priority. The rate of MRSA infections is one of six indicators tracked by the Department of Health. Since 2002, the French institute for public health surveillance (InVS) has monitored MRSA infections to estimate incidence density. Today, the use of the French administrative database (PMSI) could facilitate this surveillance. The aim of this study was to compare MRSA incidence density computed at a national level using PMSI databases with the results from the InVS taken as the reference. Methods PMSI databases for the years 2006 to 2009 were used. The reference results were those publish…
No-touch methods of terminal cleaning in the intensive care unit: results from the first large randomized trial with patient-centred outcomes
2017
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Growing old with antiretroviral therapy or elderly people in antiretroviral therapy: two different profiles of comorbidity?
2022
Abstract Background In persons living with HIV (PLWH), the burden of non-communicable chronic diseases increased over time, because of aging associated with chronic inflammation, systemic immune activation, and long-term exposure to the combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods To explore the association of chronological age, age at first ART, and exposure to ART with non-communicable chronic diseases, we performed a cross-sectional analysis to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities in patients enrolled in the SCOLTA Project, stratified by groups of chronological age (50–59 and 60–69 years) and by years of antiretroviral treatment (ART, ≤ 3 or > 3 years). Results In 1394 subjec…
Presence of pathogenic bacteria in ice cubes and evaluation of their survival in different systems
2017
In this study, 60 samples of ice cubes produced at different levels (domestic, restaurant and industrial facilities), within a restricted geographical area, were investigated for their general microbiological characteristics through the analysis of populations other than enteric bacteria. Total mesophilic bacteria were in the range 1.01 Ã 102â9.55 Ã 103, 3.12 Ã 102â6.31 Ã 103and 1.30 Ã 102â3.99 Ã 103CFU/100Â mL of thawed ice from domestic freezer (DF), stock boxes (SB) for self-production performed with ice machines in bars and pubs, and from sales packages (SP) of industrial productions, respectively. Some DF and SP samples were negative for the presence of total psychrotrophic…
Prevalence of the colonization of Helicobacter pylori among students of the school of dentistry, University of Granada, Spain
2016
Background The oral cavity is a reservoir for Helicobacter pylori, and occupations that involve close contact with it, like Dentistry, could entail a higher risk of colonization. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the length of stay at the School of Dentistry of the University of Granada could influence colonization by H. pylori, and to furthermore correlate colonization by H. pylori, with the state of oral health and oral hygiene habits. Material and Methods The study groups were: Group 1, 35 students of Odontology in their first year of studies; Group 2, the same 35 students when they were in their fifth academic year; Group 3, 35 students from University study programs unrelated wi…
Efavirenz: What is known about the cellular mechanisms responsible for its adverse effects
2017
The HIV infection remains an important health problem worldwide. However, due to the efficacy of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), it has ceased to be a mortal condition, becoming a chronic disease instead. Efavirenz, the most prescribed non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), has been a key component of cART since its commercialization in 1998. Though still a drug of choice in many countries, its primacy has been challenged by the arrival of newer antiretroviral agents with better toxicity profiles and treatment adherence. The major side effects related to EFV have been widely described in clinical studies, however the mechanisms that participate in their pat…
Impact of body weight on virological and immunological responses to efavirenz-containing regimens in HIV-infected, treatment-naive adults
2015
Objective: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing among HIV-infected patients. Whether standard antiretroviral drug dosage is adequate in heavy individuals remains unresolved. We assessed the virological and immunological responses to initial efavirenz (EFV)-containing regimens in heavy compared to normal-weight HIV-infected patients. Design: Observational European cohort collaboration study. Methods: Eligible patients were antiretroviral-naive with documented weight prior to EFV start and follow-up viral loads after treatment initiation. Cox regression analyses evaluated the association between weight and time to first undetectable viral load ( 50 copies/ml) after initial s…