Search results for "INHALATION"
showing 10 items of 326 documents
Local oropharyngeal side effects of inhaled corticosteroids in patients with asthma.
2006
The widespread use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for the treatment of persistent asthma, although highly effective, may be associated with both systemic and local side effects. Systemic side effects of ICS have been extensively studied. In contrast, relatively few studies have been performed to specifically evaluate local side effects of ICS. These local side effects--including oropharyngeal candidiasis, dysphonia, pharyngitis, and cough--are generally viewed as minor complications of therapy. However, they can be clinically significant, affect patient quality of life, hinder compliance with therapy, and mask symptoms of more serious disease. Local side effects result from deposition of …
Lung deposition of extrafine inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-containing fixed combinations drug in COPD patients using Functional Respiratory Imaging (F…
2018
Introduction: FRI is a novel computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based technique using formulation profile and patients lung CT scan to simulate aerosol deposition. Aims and objectives: To evaluate lung deposition of pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) extrafine beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol fumarate/glycopyrronium (BDP/FF/G Trimbow®) with pMDI extrafine BDP/FF (Foster®) pMDI and compared them with reference gamma scintigraphy data. Methods: FRI was used to assess, in silico, the deposition of pMDI combination products (BDP/FF/G and BDP/FF) in 20 moderate to severe COPD patients. FRI combined high-resolution lung CT scans of each patient with in silico computational flow simulati…
Aerosolized GLP-1 for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
2014
Diabetes is a global burden and the prevalence of the disease, in particular diabetes mellitus type 2 is rapidly increasing worldwide. After introduction of insulin into clinical therapy about 90 years ago a major number of pharmaceuticals has been developed for treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2. One of these, the incretin glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), like insulin, needs subcutaneous administration causing inconvenience to patients. However, administration of GLP-1 plays also a role for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). To improve patient convenience inhaled insulin (Exubera®) was developed and approved but failed market acceptance some years ago. Recently, another inhala…
Use of ICS/LABA (extra-fine and non-extra-fine) in elderly asthmatics.
2016
Age represents an exclusion criterion in randomized clinical trials designed to test the efficacy and safety of inhaled drugs in asthma. As a consequence, data on efficacy and safety of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting β2 agonist (LABA) combinations in elderly asthmatics are scanty. Older age is associated with an increased proportion of comorbid conditions; in addition, all organ functions undergo a process of senescence, thus reducing their ability to metabolize the agents. Overall, these age-associated conditions may variably, and often unpredictably, affect the metabolism and excretion of respiratory drugs. However, pharmacological treatment of asthma does not follow specifi…
Asthma Control: The Right Inhaler for the Right Patient
2015
Inhaled therapy is the cornerstone of asthma management in that it optimizes the delivery of the medication to the site of action. The effectiveness of inhaled therapy is affected by the correct choice of the device and proper inhalation technique. In fact, this influences the drug delivery and distribution along the bronchial tree, including the most peripheral airways. In this context, accumulating evidence supports the contribution of small airways in asthma, and these have become an important target of treatment. In reality, the “ideal inhaler” does not exist, and not all inhalers are the same. Advances in technology has highlighted these differences, and have led to the design of new d…
Inhalation therapy devices for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases: the history of inhalers towards the ideal inhaler.
2020
Inhalation therapy allows conveying drugs directly into the airways. The devices used to administer inhaled drugs play a crucial role in the management of obstructive lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To ensure high bronchial deposition of the drug, a device should deliver a high proportion of fine particles, be easy to use, and provide constant and accurate doses of the active substance. Nowadays, four different types of inhalers are widely used: nebulizers, dry powder inhalers (DPIs), pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs), and soft mist inhalers (SMIs). Nebulizers can be used by patients unable to use other inhalers. However, they require l…
Nanocarriers for respiratory diseases treatment: Recent advances and current challenges
2014
Pulmonary delivery of locally-acting drugs encapsulated in nanocarriers provides several advantages for the treatment of respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, cystic fibrosis, tuberculosis and lung cancer. These advantages include, among others, sustained drug delivery to the lungs, reduced therapeutic dose and improved patient compliance. The aim of this review is to give an updated overview on recent advances recorded in the last few years in this field as well as on the major challenges still existing and that remain to be overcome before any clinical application. After an outline on the cellular and extracellular barriers affecting drug delivery to…
Statistical tools and control of internal lubricant content of inhalation grade HPMC capsules during manufacture
2016
The internal lubricant content (ILC) of inhalation grade HPMC capsules is a key factor to ensure good powder release when the patient inhales a medicine from a dry powder inhaler (DPI). Powder release from capsules has been shown to be influenced by the ILC. The characteristics used to measure this are the emitted dose, fine particle fraction and mass median aerodynamic diameter. In addition the ILC level is critical for capsule shell manufacture because it is an essential part of the process that cannot work without it. An experiment has been applied to the manufacture of inhalation capsules with the required ILC. A full factorial model was used to identify the controlling factors and from…
TGF-beta regulates airway responses via T cells.
2003
Abstract Allergic asthma is characterized by airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, and a Th2-type cytokine profile favoring IgE production. Beneficial effects of TGF-β and conflicting results regarding the role of Th1 cytokines have been reported from murine asthma models. In this study, we examined the T cell as a target cell of TGF-β-mediated immune regulation in a mouse model of asthma. We demonstrate that impairment of TGF-β signaling in T cells of transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative TGF-β type II receptor leads to a decrease in airway reactivity in a non-Ag-dependent model. Increased serum levels of IFN-γ can be detected in these animals. In contrast, after injection of OVA …
Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Strategy 2021 - Executive summary and rationale for key changes
2021
Funder: Global Initiative for Asthma