Search results for "INORGANIC CARBON"

showing 10 items of 22 documents

Origin and significance of the production of carbon dioxide during the ozonization of 13C-labeled D-glucose at different pH values.

2001

Abstract [1- 13 C], [2- 13 C] and [6- 13 C] d -glucose were, respectively, ozonized in a semi-batch reactor in acidic and basic conditions. The composition of the gas phase was evaluated by on-line mass spectrometry measurements. The quantitative and isotopic analyses of the carbon dioxide formed during ozonization are presented and discussed. The data, correlated with previous literature results, clearly show that at pH 2.5 the production of carbon dioxide from C-6 and C-1 carbon atoms is nearly equivalent. Conversely, at higher pH values, CO 2 is released with a greater selectivity from the reducing end. The importance of the decarboxylation reaction in the formation of by-products with f…

Carbon IsotopesOzoneDecarboxylationOrganic ChemistryInorganic chemistrychemistry.chemical_elementGeneral MedicineCarbon DioxideHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationBiochemistryMass SpectrometryAnalytical Chemistrychemistry.chemical_compoundGlucoseOzonechemistryTotal inorganic carbonD-GlucoseCarbon dioxideOrganic chemistrySelectivityCarbonElectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxideCarbohydrate research
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The carbon count of 2000 years of rice cultivation.

2013

More than 50% of the world's population feeds on rice. Soils used for rice production are mostly managed under submerged conditions (paddy soils). This management, which favors carbon sequestration, potentially decouples surface from subsurface carbon cycling. The objective of this study was to elucidate the long-term rates of carbon accrual in surface and subsurface soil horizons relative to those of soils under nonpaddy management. We assessed changes in total soil organic as well as of inorganic carbon stocks along a 2000-year chronosequence of soils under paddy and adjacent nonpaddy management in the Yangtze delta, China. The initial organic carbon accumulation phase lasts much longer a…

Crops AgriculturalGlobal and Planetary ChangeTopsoilEcologyCarbon accountingCarbon sinkchemistry.chemical_elementOryzaSoil carbonCarbon sequestrationCarbonCarbon cycleSoilchemistryAgronomyTotal inorganic carbonEnvironmental ChemistryEnvironmental scienceCarbonGeneral Environmental ScienceGlobal change biology
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Microbial microstratification, inorganic carbon photoassimilation and dark carbon fixation at the chemocline of the meromictic Lake Cadagno (Switzerl…

2001

The microstratification of the microbial community at the chemocline of Lake Cadagno and the associated inorganic carbon fixation activity was studied by fine layer sampling. A deep chlorophyll maximum caused by diatoms overlying Cryptomonas was found at the upper edge of the chemocline. A high population density of phototrophic sulphur bacteria, mainly Amoebobacter cf. purpureus, occurred closely below the oxic-anoxic boundary. Despite the small fraction of total lake volume represented by the chemocline, half of the total carbon photoassimilation of the lake occurred within the chemocline with approximately equal contributions by oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs. Rates of dark carbon f…

Deep chlorophyll maximumEcologyPhototrophbiologyEcologyAquatic ScienceChemoclinebiology.organism_classificationAnoxygenic photosynthesisCarbon cycleCryptomonasTotal inorganic carbonEnvironmental chemistryPhytoplanktonEcology Evolution Behavior and SystematicsWater Science and TechnologyAquatic Sciences
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Carbon dioxide degassing from Tuscany and Northern Latium (Italy)

2008

Abstract The CO 2 degassing process from a large area on the Tyrrhenian side of central Italy, probably related to the input into the upper crust of mantle fluids, was investigated in detail through the geochemical study of gas emissions and groundwater. Mass-balance calculations and carbon isotopes show that over 50% of the inorganic carbon in regional groundwater is derived from a deep source highlighting gas−liquid separation processes at depth. The deep carbonate−evaporite regional aquifer acts as the main CO 2 reservoir and when total pressure of the reservoir fluid exceeds hydrostatic pressure, a free gas phase separates from the parent liquid and escapes toward the surface generating…

Global and Planetary Changegeographygeography.geographical_feature_categoryHydrostatic pressureMineralogycarbon dioxideAquiferOceanographyMantle (geology)Hydrothermal circulationchemistry.chemical_compoundEarth degassing; carbon dioxide; CO2 flux; groundwaterchemistryTotal inorganic carbonIsotopes of carbonCarbon dioxidegroundwaterEarth degassingCO2 degassingCO2 fluxGroundwaterGeology
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and growth, physiological performance of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum

2018

Ocean acidification may interfere with the calcifying physiology of marine bivalves. Therefore, understanding their capacity for acclimation and adaption to low pH over multiple generations is crucial to make predictions about the fate of this economically and ecologically important fauna in an acidifying ocean. Transgenerational exposure to an acidification scenario projected by the end of the century (i.e., pH 7.7) has been shown to confer resilience to juvenile offspring of the Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum. However, whether, and to what extent, this resilience can persist into adulthood are unknown and the mechanisms driving transgenerational acclimation remain poorly understood.…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesCondition indexSalinityBicarbonate ion standard deviationinorganicAlkalinity total standard deviationAlkalinityCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)Growth rate standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater standard deviationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedRuditapes philippinarumCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010PercentageAragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totalδ13C dissolved inorganic carbon standard deviationtotalpHRespirationTemperaturedissolvedLaboratory experimentCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Carbon dioxide standard deviationTemperature water standard deviationContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2δ13C dissolved inorganic carbonEarth System Researchδ13CContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or &lt; 1 m**2)Metabolic rate of oxygen standard deviationstandard deviationUniform resource locator link to referenceCalcite saturation stateFugacity of carbon dioxide in seawaterwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideGrowth MorphologyContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)Aragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosUniform resource locator/link to referenceOther studied parameter or processSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationCalcite saturation state standard deviationTypeBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciesGrowth rateCondition index standard deviationPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationMetabolic rate of oxygenCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationdissolved inorganic carbonCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al 2018Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonTreatmentPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaGrowth/MorphologySingle speciesFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBenthic animalsδ13C standard deviationCoast and continental shelf
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and carbon sources of mussel shell carbonate

2018

Ocean acidification and warming is widely reported to affect the ability of marine bivalves to calcify, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In particular, the response of their calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry to changing seawater carbonate chemistry remains poorly understood. The present study deciphers sources of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the calcifying fluid of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) reared at two pH (8.1 and 7.7) and temperature (16 and 22 °C) levels for five weeks. Stable carbon isotopic ratios of seawater DIC, mussel soft tissues and shells were measured to determine the relative contribution of seawater DIC and metabolically generated carb…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateRegistration number of speciesSalinityMytilus edulisinorganicAlkalinityExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedhemic and lymphatic diseasesCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010PercentageAragonite saturation stateNorth Pacificδ13C dissolved inorganic carbon standard deviationAlkalinity totalSalinity standard errortotalpHTemperaturePartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air) standard errordissolvedLaboratory experimentCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)standard errorContainers and aquaria 20 1000 L or 1 m 2δ13C dissolved inorganic carbonEarth System Researchδ13CContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or &lt; 1 m**2)standard deviationUniform resource locator link to referencecirculatory and respiratory physiologyCalcite saturation statewaterContainers and aquaria (20-1000 L or < 1 m**2)BenthosAlkalinity total standard errorUniform resource locator/link to referenceOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCAnimaliaTypeBicarbonate ionTemperature water standard errorCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciespH standard errorCalcite saturation state standard errorCarbonate system computation flagdissolved inorganic carbonFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideMolluscaSingle speciesFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airBenthic animalsδ13C standard deviationBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelf
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Diversity of freshwater Epsilonproteobacteria and dark inorganic carbon fixation in the sulphidic redoxcline of a meromictic karstic lake.

2015

Sulfidic redoxclines are a suitable niche for the growth and activity of different chemo- and photolithotrophic sulphide-oxidizing microbial groups such as the Epsilonproteobacteria and the green sulfur bacteria (GSB). We have investigated the diversity, abundance and contribution to inorganic carbon uptake of Epsilonproteobacteria in a meromictic basin of Lake Banyoles. CARD-FISH counts revealed that Epsilonproteobacteria were prevalent at the redoxcline in winter (maximum abundance of 2 × 10(6) cells mL(-1), ≈60% of total cells) but they were nearly absent in summer, when GSB bloomed. This seasonal trend was supported by 16S rRNA gene pyrotag datasets, which revealed that the epsilonprote…

Populationchemistry.chemical_elementFresh WaterApplied Microbiology and BiotechnologyMicrobiologyCarbon CycleChlorobiTotal inorganic carbonAbundance (ecology)RNA Ribosomal 16SAutotropheducationIn Situ Hybridization FluorescencePhylogenyArcobactereducation.field_of_studyAutotrophic ProcessesEpsilonproteobacteriaEcologybiologyEcologyCarbon Dioxidebiology.organism_classificationSulfurCarbonLakeschemistryArcobacterGreen sulfur bacteriaFEMS microbiology ecology
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Pedogenesis and carbon sequestration in transformed agricultural soils of Sicily

2021

The increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration is a consequence of human activities leading to severe environmental deteriorations. Techniques are thus needed to sequester and reduce atmospheric carbon. One of the proposed techniques is the transformation or construction of new soils into which more organic carbon can be sequestered and CO2 be consumed by increased weathering. By using a chronosequence of new and transformed soils on crushed limestone (0–48 years) in a Mediterranean area (Sicily), we tried to quantify the amount of organic carbon that could be additionally sequestered and to derive the corresponding rates. A further aim was to trace chemical weathering and related CO2 consump…

Total organic carbonCarbon sequestrationMacroporeWeatheringSoil transformationSoil ScienceWeatheringCarbon sequestrationMediterraneanSoil formation; Weathering; Carbon sequestration; Soil transformation; Mediterranean; CO2Soil quality10122 Institute of GeographyPedogenesisSoil formationTotal inorganic carbonEnvironmental chemistrySoil waterEnvironmental scienceCO2910 Geography & travel1111 Soil Science
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2020

Western Central European Loess-Palaeosol-Sequences (LPS) provide valuable terrestrial records of palaeoenvironmental conditions, which formed in response to variability in the North Atlantic climate systems. Over the last full glacial cycle (~130 ka), climate oscillations within these systems are best documented in deep sea and ice cores; the responses of terrestrial systems are not yet fully understood. A better understanding of metabolism governing input and output variables of organic- and inorganic C pools is, however, crucial for investigating landscape-atmospheric feedback processes and in particularly, for understanding the formation of calcareous LPS as environmental archives. Here …

Total organic carbonIce coreTotal inorganic carbonIsotopes of carbonEarth scienceLoessGeneral Earth and Planetary SciencesEnvironmental scienceStadialGlacial periodMineral dustFrontiers in Earth Science
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Isotope distribution of dissolved carbonate species in southeastern coastal aquifers of Sicily (Italy)

2007

Concentrations of major ions and the δ13C composition of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater and submarine groundwater discharges in the area between Siracusa and Ragusa provinces, southeastern Sicily, representing coastal carbonate aquifers, are presented and discussed. Most of groundwater analysed belongs to calcium bicarbonate type, in agreement with the geological nature of carbonate host rocks. Carbonate groundwater acquires, besides the dissolution of carbonate minerals, dissolved carbon (and the relative isotopic composition) from the atmosphere and from soil biological activity. In fact, δ13C values and total dissolved inorganic carbon contents show that both these sources con…

geographygeography.geographical_feature_categoryCarbonate mineralsMineralogyAquiferAtmospheric CO2 Biogenic CO2Carbon-13 Coastal zone Dissolved inorganic carbon Groundwater Isotope signature Sicily Submarine groundwater dischargeSubmarine groundwater dischargechemistry.chemical_compoundchemistryCalcium bicarbonateEnvironmental chemistryDissolved organic carbonCarbonateSeawaterGeologyGroundwaterWater Science and Technology
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