Search results for "INSULIN"
showing 10 items of 1360 documents
HEPATITIS C AND DIABETES: THE INEVITABLE COINCIDENCE?
2009
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and HCV infection are common conditions involving, respectively, at least 170 and 130 million people worldwide. However, the distribution of such cases does not overlap in the same age groups in different geographic areas. Following pioneering reports of increased prevalence of T2D in HCV-positive cirrhosis, interest concerning the relationship between HCV and T2D has escalated. HCV is able to induce insulin resistance (IR) directly and the role of specific viral genotypes responsible for such effect is disputed. IR has consistently been found to be closely linked to fibrosis in HCV infection, although also typically associated with T2D in prefibrotic stages. HCV infec…
Pharmacotherapy for gestational diabetes
2018
Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents impaired carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy and is characterized by progressive insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia. If inadequately treated, it may lead to fetal macrosomia and other adverse outcomes. Areas covered: In this review, the authors summarize the current evidence from studies on the use of insulin and other agents for the treatment of women with GDM. Expert opinion: Lifestyle management is of paramount importance for the treatment of GDM. In pharmacotherapy, insulin remains the long-established mainstay of treatment. NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) and soluble human insulin have long been estab…
Role of exercise-induced hepatokines in metabolic disorders.
2019
International audience; The health-promoting effects of physical activity to prevent and treat metabolic disorders are numerous. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet completely deciphered. In recent years, studies have referred to the liver as an endocrine organ, since it releases specific proteins called hepatokines. Some of these hepatokines are involved in whole body metabolic homeostasis and are theorized to participate in the development of metabolic disease. In this regard, the present review describes the role of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21, Fetuin-A, Angiopoietin-like protein 4, and Follistatin in metabolic disease and their production in response to acute exerci…
Hyperinsulinemia as a determinant of microalbuminuria in essential hypertension
1997
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between insulinemia and urinary albumin excretion in a group of nonobese, young adult hypertensive patients, who had never been treated with antihypertensive drugs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-nine patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitorings, urinary albumin excretion (UAE) measurements, and an oral glucose-tolerance test measuring glucose and insulin, were performed, and left ventricular mass was measured by echocardiography. Hypertensive patients were classified as normoalbuminuric when their UAE was < 30 mg/24 h (40 patients; mean UAE 13.4 +/- 7.0 mg/24 h), and as microalbuminuric…
Effect of insulin on readmission for heart failure following a hospitalization for acute heart failure
2020
AIMS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and is related with worse outcomes. Insulin treatment is associated with sodium and water retention, weight gain, and hypoglycaemia-all pathophysiological mechanisms related to HF decompensation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between insulin treatment and the risk of 1year readmission for HF in patients discharged for acute HF.; METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively included 2895 consecutive patients discharged after an episode of acute HF in a single tertiary hospital. Multivariable Cox regression, adapted for competing events, was used to assess the association between insulin treatment and …
From obesity to Alzheimer's disease through insulin resistance
2021
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most frequent forms of dementia. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, characterized by presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Obesity is regarded as abnormal fat accumulation with deleterious impact on human health. There is full scientific evidence that obesity and the metabolic comorbidities (e.g., insulin resistance, hyperglycaemia, and type 2 diabetes) are related to Alzheimer's disease and likely in the causative pathway. Numerous studies have identified several overlapping neurodegenerative mechanisms, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. In this review, we present how obesit…
Heredity and obesity-associated hypertension: impact of hormonal characteristics and left ventricular mass.
1995
Objectives : To investigate the influence of heredity on obesity-associated hypertension, we evaluated casual and 24-h blood pressure, left ventricular mass and some metabolic and hormonal measurements in normotensive obese subjects. Design : Healthy, normotensive obese subjects (n = 81) with positive or negative family history of hypertension were studied. Both groups were also subdivided according to a positive or a negative family history of obesity. Accordingly, 45 obese subjects had a positive family history of hypertension, 25 of these having a positive (subgroup A) and 20 having a negative family history of obesity (subgroup B). The other 36 obese subjects had a negative family histo…
Insulin resistance and endogenous digoxin-like factor in obese hypertensive patients with glucose intolerance
1992
Hypertensive obese subjects with glucose intolerance have hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and intracellular cation imbalance resulting in increased sodium content. The aim of our study was to assess in these patients plasma levels of endogenous digoxin-like factor (EDLF), an inhibitor of the sodium-pump mechanism. We studied 14 hypertensive and 12 normotensive subjects with obesity and glucose intolerance for fasting blood glucose, and plasma insulin, C-peptide and EDLF levels: the two groups were matched for age and BMI and were studied after a 2-week wash-out period from hypotensive drugs. Compared with normotensives, hypertensive subjects had higher plasma insulin levels, a greater…
Effects on α- and β-cell function of sequentially adding empagliflozin and linagliptin to therapy in people with type 2 diabetes previously receiving…
2017
Aims The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of sequential treatment escalation with empagliflozin and linagliptin on laboratory markers of alpha- and beta cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) insufficiently controlled on metformin monotherapy. Methods Forty-four patients with T2DM received 25 mg empagliflozin for a duration of one month in an open-label fashion (treatment period (TP 1). Thereafter, patients were randomised to a double-blind add-on therapy with linagliptin 5 mg or placebo (TP 2) for one additional month. Alpha- and beta cell function were assessed with a standardised liquid meal test (LMT) and an intravenous (iv.) glucose challenge. Effi…
Low estradiol-to-testosterone ratio is associated with oligo-anovulatory cycles and atherogenic lipidic pattern in women with polycystic ovary syndro…
2010
The estradiol-to-testosterone (E2/T) ratio has been investigated in different diseases but few in vivo data are available with regard to its role in women with ovary syndrome (PCOS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the E2/T ratio in the ovulatory function and metabolic pattern in such women.We retrospectively evaluated hyperandrogenemia, clinical hyperandrogenism, ovarian morphology, hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis and metabolic syndrome parameters in a cohort of 202 consecutive women affected by PCOS. An oral glucose tolerance test measured areas under the curve for insulin (AUC(2hIRI)), for glucose (AUC(2hglucose)), and the HOMA-IR and Matsuda index of insulin resistance we…