Search results for "INTERACTIONS"
showing 10 items of 1963 documents
Seasonal changes in host phenotype manipulation by an acanthocephalan: time to be transmitted?
2009
Parasitology, 136 (2)
Effect of adolescent exposure to WIN 55212-2 on the acquisition and reinstatement of MDMA-induced conditioned place preference.
2009
The present study employs a conditioned place preference procedure (CPP) to examine the effects of exposure to the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55212-2 (WIN) (0.1 and 0.5mg/kg) during adolescence on the reinforcing properties of +/-3,4-methylenedioxymetamphetamine hydrochloride (MDMA) (1.25 and 2.5mg/kg) in mice. On postnatal day (PD) 27, animals received a daily injection of the assigned treatment on 5 consecutive days, and three days later the place conditioning procedure was initiated (PD 35). The results suggest that pre-exposure to cannabinoids strengthens the properties of MDMA and favors reinstatement of the craving for the drug, which endorses the gateway hypothesis.
Structural Mechanism of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Type 1 Partial Agonism
2012
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors belong to a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that contribute to the signal transmission in the central nervous system. NMDA receptors are heterotetramers that usually consist of two GluN1 and GluN2 monomers. The extracellular ligand-binding domain (LBD) of a monomer is comprised of discontinuous segments that form the functional domains D1 and D2. While the binding of a full agonist glycine to LBD of GluN1 is linked to cleft closure and subsequent ion-channel opening, partial agonists are known to activate the receptor only sub-maximally. Although the crystal structures of the LBD of related GluA2 receptor explain the mechanism for the partial a…
Influence of hormonal treatment on the response of the rat isolated uterus to histamine and histamine receptor agonists.
1992
The response of the isolated uterus to histamine and histamine agonists was investigated in progesterone- and oestrogen-treated rats. The uterine inhibitory responses to histamine and 4-methylhistamine (a histamine H2 receptor agonist) were similar in KCl-contracted uteri from progesterone- and oestrogen-treated rats. The histamine H1 receptor agonist, 2-pyridyl-ethylamine, produced a relaxant response only in progesterone dominant uterus. This was inhibited by the histamine H1 receptor antagonist. In the rat isolated uterus which was not preconstricted by KCl, neither histamine, 4-methylhistamine, nor 2-pyridyl-ethylamine produced any effect in the presence or absence of ranitidine. Raniti…
Shared midgut binding sites for Cry1A.105, Cry1Aa, Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac and Cry1Fa proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in two important corn pests, Ostrin…
2013
First generation of insect-protected transgenic corn (Bt-corn) was based on the expression of Cry1Ab or Cry1Fa proteins. Currently, the trend is the combination of two or more genes expressing proteins that bind to different targets. In addition to broadening the spectrum of action, this strategy helps to delay the evolution of resistance in exposed insect populations. One of such examples is the combination of Cry1A.105 with Cry1Fa and Cry2Ab to control O. nubilalis and S. frugiperda. Cry1A.105 is a chimeric protein with domains I and II and the C-terminal half of the protein from Cry1Ac, and domain III almost identical to Cry1Fa. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the c…
Penser la ville durable : positionner la modélisation et l’évaluation des territoires dans les processus d’aménagement
2015
National audience; Les politiques d’aménagement du territoire sont guidées depuis deux décennies par les objectifs du développement durable. Én¬oncé dans le rapport de G.H. Brundtland (1987) réalisé pour le compte des Nations-Unies, l’expression « développement du¬rable » définit en effet un « développe¬ment qui répond au besoin du présent sans compromettre la capacité des généra¬tions futures à satisfaire leurs propres be¬soins ». Trois sphères distinctes mais qui se chevauchent sont identifiées, dans les¬quelles les principes de développement du¬rable doivent être appliqués : l’économique, le social et l’environnemental, la combi¬naison des trois faisant théoriquement at¬teindre le niveau…
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi positively affect growth of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle seedlings and show a strong association with this invasi…
2015
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may promote plant invasion by enhancing plant performance and competitiveness. However, only a small number of studies have considered the interactions between local soil microbial communities and invasive plants, and even fewer have focused on alien trees. Ailanthus altissima is a serious problem in the Mediterranean Basin, where it has invaded many habitats. We investigated the symbiosis between A. altissima and indigenous AMF in two invaded, ecologically different Mediterranean woodlands. Mycorrhizal infection was high at both sites (> 60% of the root fragments were mycorrhizal), indicating that A. altissima roots may be infected by AMF under different …
Aroma release in the oral cavity after wine intake is influenced by wine matrix composition
2018
The aim of this study has been to investigate if wine matrix composition might influence the interaction between odorants and oral mucosa in the oral cavity during a “wine intake-like” situation. Aroma released after exposing the oral cavity of three individuals to different wines (n = 12) previously spiked with six target aromas was followed by an -in vivo intra-oral SPME approach. Results showed a significant effect of wine matrix composition on the intra-oral aroma release of certain odorants. Among the wine matrix parameters, phenolic compounds showed the largest impact. This effect was dependent on their chemical structure. Some phenolic acids (e.g. hippuric, caffeic) were associated t…
THE BEHAVIORAL RESPONSE OF AMPHIPODS HARBORING CORYNOSOMA CONSTRICTUM (ACANTHOCEPHALA) TO VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF LIGHT
2006
Many studies have shown that photic behavior of amphipods is subject to parasitic manipulation. However, all these investigations have focused on but one property of light (i.e., intensity). This study investigated the possibility that variable wavelength sensitivity, as a potentially important component of amphipod ecology, is subject to parasitic manipulation. The photic behavior of freshwater amphipods Hyalella azteca, infected with the duck acanthocephalan Corynosoma constrictum, was tested. The phototactic responses of infected and uninfected amphipods to various wavelengths in the visible spectrum were compared, and to delineate the effects of intensity and wavelength on behavior, the…
Carotenoids of two freshwater amphipod species (Gammarus pulex and G. roeseli) and their common acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus
2004
Carotenoid compositions of two freshwater Gammarus species (Crustacea: Amphipoda) and of their common acanthocephalan parasite Polymorphus minutus were characterized. The effect of carotenoid uptake by the parasite was addressed by comparing the carotenoid content of uninfected and infected female hosts. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), co-chromatography of reference pigments and electron ionization mass spectrometry of collected HPLC fractions (EI-MS), several xanthophylls and non-polar compounds were identified. Seven kinds of carotenoids, mainly xanthophylls, were identified in gammarids. Astaxanthin was predominant, amounting to 40 wt.% of total carotenoid in both uninf…