Search results for "INTERMED"

Bird and amphipod parasites illustrate a gradient from adaptation to exaptation in complex life cycle.

2010

6 pages; International audience; Trophically transmitted parasites modify the phenotype of their hosts, sometimes in a way that facilitates transmission. Parasite-induced changes can be either part of a manipulative strategy evolved to improve the transmission success of the parasite, or simply by-products of infection with no health effect. In the former case, manipulation is regarded as a parasite adaptation driven by the probability of being eaten by a suitable next host. Here, we consider the fact that manipulation may also be an 'exaptation': a trait that evolved for a certain use, but which has been co-opted for a new use. According to this view, features built by natural selection fo…

Parasite-induced suppression of aggregation under predation risk in a freshwater amphipod

2012

a b s t r a c t Recent findings suggest that grouping with conspecifics is part of the behavioural defences developed by amphipod crustaceans to face predation risk by fish. Amphipods commonly serve as intermediate hosts for trophically transmitted parasites. These parasites are known for their ability to alter intermediate host phenotype in a way that promotes predation by definitive hosts, where they reproduce. If aggregation in amphipods dilutes the risk to be preyed on by fish, then it may dilute the probability of transmission for the parasite using fish as definitive hosts. Using experimental infections, we tested whether infection with the fish acanthocephalan Pomphorhynchus laevis a…

Familiares de la inquisición portuguesa (siglos XVI-XVII): los números, la demanda y los grupos sociales intermedios

2021

Clinical implications of serum neurofilament in newly diagnosed MS patients: a longitudinal multicentre cohort study

2020

Abstract Background We aim to evaluate serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), indicating neuroaxonal damage, as a biomarker at diagnosis in a large cohort of early multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods In a multicentre prospective longitudinal observational cohort, patients with newly diagnosed relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) were recruited between August 2010 and November 2015 in 22 centers. Clinical parameters, MRI, and sNfL levels (measured by single molecule array) were assessed at baseline and up to four-year follow-up. Findings Of 814 patients, 54.7% (445) were diagnosed with RRMS and 45.3% (369) with CIS when applying 2010 McDonald criteria (R…

Cytokeratins in the Histological Diagnosis of Malignant Tumors

1994

Cytokeratins, which comprise a multigene family of 20 related polypeptides (CKs 1–20), are constituents of the intermediate filaments of epithelial cells, in which they are expressed in various combinations depending on the epithelial type and the degree of differentiation. Of these, CK 19 (400 amino acids; 44.1 kilodaltons) is an example of a widely distributed CK, being expressed in various epithelia, including many simple epithelia. In contrast, the recently identified CK 20 (424 amino acids; 48.6 kilodaltons) is essentially confined to gastrointestinal epithelia, the urothelium and Merkel cells. The differential expression of individual CKs in various types of carcinomas makes them use…

A Novel Open and Infectious Form of Echovirus 1.

2016

ABSTRACT One of the hallmarks of enterovirus genome delivery is the formation of an uncoating intermediate particle. Based on previous studies of mostly heated picornavirus particles, intermediate particles were shown to have externalized the innermost capsid protein (VP4) and exposed the N terminus of VP1 and to have reduced infectivity. Here, in addition to the native and intact particle type, we have identified another type of infectious echovirus 1 (E1) particle population during infection. Our results show that E1 is slightly altered during entry, which leads to the broadening of the major virion peak in the sucrose gradient. In contrast, CsCl gradient separation revealed that in addit…

In vivo fluorescent cercariae reveal the entry portals of Cardiocephaloides longicollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Dubois, 1982 (Strigeidae) into the gilthead …

2019

Background Despite their complex life-cycles involving various types of hosts and free-living stages, digenean trematodes are becoming recurrent model systems. The infection and penetration strategy of the larval stages, i.e. cercariae, into the fish host is poorly understood and information regarding their entry portals is not well-known for most species. Cardiocephaloides longicollis (Rudolphi, 1819) Dubois, 1982 (Digenea, Strigeidae) uses the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), an important marine fish in Mediterranean aquaculture, as a second intermediate host, where they encyst in the brain as metacercariae. Labelling the cercariae with in vivo fluorescent dyes helped us to track the…

New insights into the genetic component of non-infectious uveitis through an Immunochip strategy.

2016

BACKGROUND: Large-scale genetic studies have reported several loci associated with specific disorders involving uveitis. Our aim was to identify genetic risk factors that might predispose to uveitis per se, independent of the clinical diagnosis, by performing a dense genotyping of immune-related loci.METHODS: 613 cases and 3693 unaffected controls from three European case/control sets were genotyped using the Immunochip array. Only patients with non-infectious non-anterior uveitis and without systemic features were selected. To perform a more comprehensive analysis of the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region, SNPs, classical alleles and polymorphic amino acid variants were obtained via impu…

A role for TASK2 channels in the human immunological synapse.

2020

The immunological synapse is a transient junction that occurs when the plasma membrane of a T cell comes in close contact with an APC after recognizing a peptide from the antigen-MHC. The interaction starts when CRAC channels embedded in the T cell membrane open, flowing calcium ions into the cell. To counterbalance the ion influx and subsequent depolarization, Kv 1.3 and KCa3.1 channels are recruited to the immunological synapse, increasing the extracellular K+ concentration. These processes are crucial as they initiate gene expression that drives T cell activation and proliferation. The T cell-specific function of the K2P channel family member TASK2 channels and their role in autoimmune p…

Focal Adhesion Genes Refine the Intermediate-Risk Cytogenetic Classification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

2018

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