Search results for "INVASIVE SPECIES"
showing 10 items of 175 documents
Invasive vascular plant species of oxbow lakes in south-western Poland
2015
Abstract Natural water reservoirs are very valuable floristic sites in south-western Poland. Among them, the most important for the preservation of biodiversity of flora are oxbow lakes. The long-term process of human pressure on habitats of this type caused disturbances of their biological balance. Changes in the water regime, industrial development and chemisation of agriculture, especially in the period of the last two hundred years, led to systematic disappearances of localities of many plant species connected with rare habitats and also to the appearance of numerous invasive plant species. They are: Azolla filiculoides, Echinocystis lobata, Erechtites hieraciifolia, Impatiens glandulif…
Inventory of the non‐native flora of Italy
2009
In this paper we present a comprehensive inventory of the non‐native vascular flora of Italy, which was produced within the project “A survey of the Italian non‐native flora”, funded by the Italian Ministry for the Environment. Previously published floristic accounts were the main source of information. Historical records were critically revised and integrated with recent literature, data from herbaria and some unpublished information, so as to obtain a complete, up‐to‐date catalogue of the non‐native vascular plant species that occur spontaneously in Italy. The inventory lists 1023 non‐native species and subspecies, which account for 13.4% of all the Italian flora. The Italian non‐native f…
THE ROLE OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY “P. DODERLEIN” ON HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION OF MARINE INVASIVE SPECIES
2017
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Microsporidian disease of the invasive amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus and the potential for its transfer to local invertebrate fauna.
2012
12 pages; International audience; Invasive species may introduce novel pathogens to a colonised area. Most of the time emerging pathogens are detected a posteriori, but recognition of a priori emergence of an invasive disease by host shift may be useful for predictive purposes. Here, we studied if the microsporidian parasite Cucumispora dikerogammari infecting the invasive Ponto-Caspian amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus, has the potential to become an emergent disease in invaded rivers in Western and Central Europe. We first showed that this parasite decreases the survival of D. villosus in the later stages of infection development. However, the host reproduces earlier in response to the inf…
Introduction et dispersion d'une espèce envahissante : le cas de l'ambroisie à feuilles d'armoise (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) en France
2011
National audience; Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common ragweed) was accidentally introduced into France in the 1860s. Its single vector of introduction in Europe was red clover seeds (Trifolium pratense L.), probably coming from Pennsylvania, United States at the time. A. artemisiifolia was later introduced into France in many places and at different times. This species has no natural or effective seed dispersal mechanisms and the spread of this weed in the territory is ensured by human activities that carry the seeds and create disturbed environments favourable to its development. It is now established in the Rhone Valley and a number of different factors (cropping system evolution, climate…
Développement de l’Ambroisie dans le Sud de la Bourgogne
2005
International audience; L'ambroisie à feuilles d'armoise, (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) fait partie des espèces dites « invasives» sur le territoire français. Cette espèce a déjà été signalée dans le Sud de la Bourgogne, mais il n'existait pas de données récentes sur sa présence dans le Nord de la région. Le travail réalisé montre que l'espèce est en forte extension dans les départements de Saône-et-Loire et de Côte-d'Or principalement dans les parcelles cultivées. En Saône-et-Loire, l'espèce est maintenant très largement présente aussi bien en tant qu'adventice des cultures que de plante des bords de route. En Côte-d'Or, deux types de populations coexistent: des populations « agricoles» mar…
Processus écologiques et évolutifs influençant la colonisation de l'ambroisie à feuilles d'armoise (Ambrosia artemisiifolia l.) en France.
2012
Understanding of the mechanisms behind the success of the invasive species is essential to manage current biological invasions and to prevent the risks of the futures ones. Using a conceptual framework integrating ecological and evolutionary processes, this work aimed to analyse the factors of the common ragweed colonization in France. First of all, the study of biotic and abiotic interactions has shown the ability of common ragweed to tolerate herbivory and water stress. Common ragweed is able to buffer defoliation through an efficient compensatory growth with no consequence on the reproduction. Herbivory tolerance has been maintained in introduced populations even if herbivory pressure is…
The role of salmonid fishes in conservation of the endangered freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera)
2016
The abundance of freshwater pearl mussels (Margaritifera margaritifera) has declined widely during the past century, and new conservation initiatives are needed. This thesis focused on the relationship between M. margaritifera and its salmonid host required for reproduction of this species. First, by exposing fish experimentally to glochidium larvae of M. margaritifera, different M. margaritifera populations were shown to demonstrate strong differences in their ability to parasitize different salmonid species. Atlantic salmon was clearly a better host for mussels in large river channels, whereas in small headwater tributaries brown trout was the best, or the only suitable, host. These findi…
Passive sinking into the snow as possible survival strategy during the off-host stage in an insect ectoparasite
2015
Abiotic and biotic factors determine success or failure of individual organisms, populations and species. The early life stages are often the most vulnerable to heavy mortality due to environmental conditions. The deer ked (Lipoptena cervi Linnaeus, 1758) is an invasive insect ectoparasite of cervids that spends an important period of the life cycle outside host as immobile pupa. During winter, dark-coloured pupae drop off the host onto the snow, where they are exposed to environmental temperature variation and predation as long as the new snowfall provides shelter against these mortality factors. The other possible option is to passively sink into the snow, which is aided by morphology of …
Commercial essential oils: sustainable alternatives in the agri-food industry
2019
Essential oils have enjoyed great popularity from ancient times to today due to agreeable scent and widely known beneficial properties. As a result, nowadays they have become valuable natural ingredients in perfume and cosmetics, food and beverages, agricultural, pharmaceutical and other industries for employment in human health, agriculture and environment, representing potentially safer and more sustainable alternatives to synthetic substances. This Doctoral Thesis has been developed with the aim of corroborating that essential oils are safer and more sustainable alternatives to synthetic products used in the agri-food industry, and consequently promoting their use as “bio” products to ma…