Search results for "IONT"
showing 10 items of 382 documents
Molecular phylogeny of parabasalids with emphasis on the order Cristamonadida and its complex morphological evolution
2009
1055-7903 doi: DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2009.03.011; Parabasalia represents a complex assemblage of species, which recently received extensive reorganization. The newly created order Cristamonadida unites complex hypermastigids belonging to the Lophomonadida like the joeniids, the multinucleate polymonad Calonymphidae, and well-developed trichomonads in the Devescovinidae. All these protists exclusively occur in the guts of termites and related insects. In this study, small subunit rRNA and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase genes were identified without cultivation from 14 species in Cristamonadida including previously unstudied genera such as Joenina, Joenia, Joenoides, Macrotrichomonas…
First record of Temnosewellia minor (Platyhelminthes, Temnocephalidae) in Sicily, with a plea for a re-examination of the identity of the publicly av…
2021
Author(s): Vecchioni, Luca; Chirco, Pietro; Bazan, Giuseppe; Marrone, Federico; Arizza, Vincenzo; Arculeo, Marco | Abstract: Ectosymbiotic temnocephalan flatworms belonging to the genus Temnosewellia Damborenea and Cannon, 2001 were collected on Cherax destructor Clark, 1936 in an aquaculture farm in Sicily, Italy. This represents the first record of a temnocephalan species for the fauna of the island. Morphological and molecular identification of the collected specimens proved that they belong to the allochthonous species Temnosewellia minor Haswell, 1888, which was introduced along with crayfishes bred in aquaculture farms. The phylogenetic analyses carried out for the molecular identific…
Nitric oxide-active compounds modulate glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission in globus pallidus of rat
2011
The globus pallidus (GP) of rodents, homologous to the external globus pallidus of primates, plays a critical role in the expression of basal ganglia (BG) function. Glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs have been demonstrated to greatly modulate the spontaneous GP activity. In this study the effects of local applied NO-active compounds on glutamate (GLU)- and GABA-evoked responses were investigated in rat GP neurons. Extracellularly recorded single units from anesthetized rats were treated with GLU or GABA before and during the microiontophoretic application of S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG), a NO donor, and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NOS inhibitor. Most GP cells were excited by…
Nitric oxide-active compounds modulate the intensity of glutamate-evoked responses in the globus pallidus
2011
In this study, the effects of microiontophoretically applied NO-active compounds on glutamate(GLU)-evoked responses were investigated in globus pallidus (GP) neurons from anesthetized rats. Most GP cells were excited by S-nitrosoglutathione (SNOG), an NO donor, whereas administration of Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NOS inhibitor, induced a decrease of GP neurons activity. Nearly all neurons responding to SNOG and/or L-NAME showed significant excitatory responses to the administration of iontophoretic GLU. In these cells, the changes induced by NO-active drugs in the magnitude of GLU-evoked responses were used as indicators of NO modulation. When an NO-active drug and GLU wer…
ARQ Aware Scheduling for the IEEE 802.16 Base Station
2008
The IEEE 802.16 technology defines the ARQ mechanism that enables a connection to resend data at the MAC level if an error is detected. In this paper, we analyze the ARQ aware scheduling for the 802.16 base station. In particular, we consider how the BS scheduler can account for the ARQ block size, absence of the ARQ block rearrangement, and the ARQ transmission window. We propose a set of constraints that can be applied to any base station scheduler algorithm. To test them, we run a number of simulation scenarios. The simulations results confirm that the ARQ aware scheduling can improve the overall performance.
Performance analysis of the ieee 802.16 arq mechanism
2007
The IEEE 802.16 technology defines the ARQ mechanism that enables a connection to resend data at the MAC level if an error is detected. In this paper, we analyze the key features and parameters of the 802.16 ARQ mechanism. In particular, we consider a choice for the ARQ feedback type, an algorithm to build block sequences, a scheduling of the ARQ feedbacks and retransmissions, the ARQ block rearrangement, ARQ transmission window and ARQ block size. We run a number of simulation scenarios to study these parameters and how they impact a performance of application protocols. The simulation results reveal that the ARQ mechanism and its correct configuration play an important role in transmittin…
On ARQ feedback intensity of the IEEE 802.16 ARQ mechanism
2008
The IEEE 802.16 standard defines the ARQ mechanism as a part of the MAC layer. The functioning of the ARQ mechanism depends on a number of parameters. The IEEE 802.16 specification defines them but it does not provide concrete values and solutions. We ran simulation scenarios to study how the ARQ feedback intensity impacts the performance of application protocols. The simulation results reveal that a low ARQ feedback intensity results only in a marginal improvement. Though it is possible to optimize the ARQ feedback intensity, it is reasonable to rely upon more frequent ARQ feedback messages as they do not result in a performance degradation. At the same time, ARQ connections, which work on…
Competitive interactions in insect parasitoids: effects of microbial symbionts across tritrophic levels
2023
Competition for hosts is a common ecological interaction in insect parasitoids. In the recent years, it has become increasingly evident that microorganisms can act as ‘hidden players’ in parasitoid ecology. In this review, we propose that parasitoid competition should take into consideration the microbial influence. In particular, we take a tritrophic perspective and discuss how parasitoid competition can be modulated by microorganisms associated with the parasitoids, their herbivore hosts, or the plants attacked by the herbivores. Although research is still in its infancy, recent studies have shown that microbial symbionts can modulate the contest outcome. The emerging pattern is that micr…
Influence of Bacterial Secondary Symbionts in Sitobion avenae on Its Survival Fitness against Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhiz…
2022
The research was focused on the ability of wheat aphids Sitobion avenae, harboring bacterial secondary symbionts (BSS) Hamiltonella defensa or Regiella insecticola, to withstand exposure to fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum. In comparison to aphids lacking bacterial secondary symbionts, BSS considerably increased the lifespan of wheat aphids exposed to B. bassiana strains (Bb1022, EABb04/01-Tip) and M. brunneum strains (ART 2825 and BIPESCO 5) and also reduced the aphids’ mortality. The wheat aphid clones lacking bacterial secondary symbionts were shown to be particularly vulnerable to M. brunneum strain BIPESCO 5. As opposed to wheat aphids carrying bacterial s…
kmcEx
2019
Memory-frugal and retrieval-efficient encoding of counted k-mers.