Search results for "IRI"
showing 10 items of 12514 documents
Generalization gradients for fear and disgust in human associative learning
2021
AbstractPrevious research indicates that excessive fear is a critical feature in anxiety disorders; however, recent studies suggest that disgust may also contribute to the etiology and maintenance of some anxiety disorders. It remains unclear if differences exist between these two threat-related emotions in conditioning and generalization. Evaluating different patterns of fear and disgust learning would facilitate a deeper understanding of how anxiety disorders develop. In this study, 32 college students completed threat conditioning tasks, including conditioned stimuli paired with frightening or disgusting images. Fear and disgust were divided into two randomly ordered blocks to examine di…
When the social discourse on violation behaviors is challenged by the perception of everyday life experiences: Effects of non-accident experiences on…
2016
International audience; The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of the Non-Accident Experience (NAE) with regard to violations of traffic safety regulations. An NAE refers to the fact of not having been involved in an accident following the adoption of a behaviour socially recognised as promoting its occurrence. We hypothesise that this type of experiences has a strong effect on attitudes (valence and strength) and habits with regard to traffic offences such as speeding and drink-drive. An empirical study was conducted to test the relevance of this set of hypotheses. 543 French drivers participated to a survey designed to measure all these theoretical constructs. As expected, th…
Wertheim’s hypothesis on ‘highway hypnosis’: empirical evidence from a study on motorway and conventional road driving
2003
This paper aims to study the phenomenon known as 'highway hypnosis' or 'driving without attention mode', which has been defined as a state showing sleepiness signs and attention slip resulting from driving a motor vehicle for a long period in a highly predictable environment with low event occurrence, this being the case with motorways and very familiar roads [Highway hypnosis: a theoretical analysis. In: Gale, A.G., Brown, I.D., Haslegrave, C.M., Moorhead, I., Taylor, S. (Eds.), Vision in Vehicles-III. Elsevier, North-Holland, pp. 467-472]. According to Wertheim's hypothesis on 'highway hypnosis', long-term driving on motorways and conventional roads, e.g. main roads, secondary roads--impl…
Prevalence of antibodies to human papillomaviruses in the general population of the Czech Republic.
1998
Sera from 450 individuals between the age of 1 and 80 years, representing the general population of the Czech Republic, were tested for the presence of antibodies to human-papillomavirus(HPV)-derived antigens. The following antigens were used: (i) HPV1 virions; (ii) HPV16, -18 and -33-virus-like particles (VLP); (iii) peptides derived from L2 open reading frames (ORFs) of HPV16 and HPV6/11; (iv) peptides derived from HPV16 E2, E4 and E7 ORFs of HPV16. The prevalence of antibodies reactive with the capsid-derived antigens was age-dependent, while no clear age dependence was observed in the distribution of antibodies to peptides derived from HPV16 early proteins. In individual sera, high corr…
Effect of antiviral treatment and host susceptibility on positive selection in hepatitis C virus (HCV).
2007
Abstract We have conducted a large sequence study of the E1–E2 and NS5A regions of the HCV, subtypes 1a and b, both in patients previously treated with interferon, and untreated patients, who later responded, or not, to a combination therapy based on interferon plus ribavirin. We have examined the role played by the number of positively selected sites on disease progression and its relationship with several variables such as patients’ age, sex and their risk of acquiring the disease. We have detected three groups of patients that respond or not to combination therapy: responders of intermediate age, older non-responders and young non-responders, they possess an increasing average number of …
Virologic, hematologic, and immunologic risk factors for classic Kaposi sarcoma.
2006
BACKGROUND Classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) is an inflammatory-mediated neoplasm that develops in the presence of KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and immune perturbation. In the current study, the authors compared CKS cases with age-matched and sex-matched KSHV-seropositive controls without human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection and markers of viral control, blood counts, CD4-positive and CD8-positive lymphocytes, and serum β-2-microglobulin and neopterin levels. METHODS Viral loads were detected using real-time amplification of the KSHV-K6 and EBV-pol genes, anti-K8.1 (lytic) titers were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, and antilatent nuclear antigen (LANA) titers were detec…
Risk factors for classical Kaposi's sarcoma.
2002
Background: Classical Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a malignancy of lymphatic endothelial skin cells. Although all forms of KS are associated with the KS-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), classical KS occurs in a small fraction of KSHV-infected people. We sought to identify risk factors for classical KS in KSHV-infected individuals. Methods: Lifestyle and medical history data from case patients with biopsyproven non-AIDS (non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) KS in Italy were compared by logistic regression analysis with data from population-based KSHV-seropositive control subjects of comparable age and sex. After KSHV immunofluorescence testing, randomly selected patients on the rosters of local…
Bevacizumab in association with de Gramont 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid in patients with oxaliplatin-, irinotecan-, and cetuximab-refractory colorecta…
2009
BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was the investigation of the value of bevacizumab + 5-fluorouracil(5–FU)/folinic acid in patients with advanced colorectal cancers who have exhausted standard chemotherapy options. METHODS: The authors included 48 heavily pretreated patients (colon:rectum, 33:15; men:women, 23:25; median age, 63 years; range, 27-79 years) whose disease had progressed during or within an oxaliplatin-based first-line chemotherapy, an irinotecan-based second-line regimen, and a third-line treatment with cetuximab plus weekly irinotecan. Bevacizumab was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg. 5-FU/folinic acid was administered according to the de Gramont schedule. RESULTS: The respo…
Early magnesium reduction in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with cetuximab plus irinotecan as predictive factor of efficacy and outcome
2008
Abstract Introduction: Magnesium plays a role in a large number of cellular metabolic reactions. Cetuximab is able to induce hypomagnesemia by interfering with magnesium (Mg2+) transport in the kidney. We designed this trial to investigate if Mg2+ serum level modifications may be related with clinical response and outcome in advanced colorectal cancer patients during treatment with cetuximab plus irinotecan. Experimental Design: Sixty-eight heavily pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients were evaluated for Mg2+ serum levels at the following time points: before; 6 hours; and 1, 7, 14, 21, 50, and 92 days after the start of treatment. Results: Basal Mg2+ median levels were significan…
Randomized Multicenter Phase II Trial of Two Different Schedules of Irinotecan Combined with Capecitabine as First-Line Treatment in Metastatic Color…
2004
BACKGROUND The aim of the current randomized Phase II study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of capecitabine combined with irinotecan as first-line treatment in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). METHODS A total of 140 patients received capecitabine at a dose of 1250 mg/m2 twice daily on Days 2–15 and irinotecan at a dose of either 300 mg/m2 on Day 1 (Arm A) or 150 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 (Arm B) every 3 weeks. During the course of the study, enrollment was continued using lower doses of capecitabine (1000 mg/m2 twice daily) and irinotecan (Arm A: 240 mg/m2; Arm B: 120 mg/m2) to improve the safety profile of the combinations. RESULTS Efficacy was evaluable in 134 patients (68 in…