Search results for "Ictal"
showing 10 items of 33 documents
Pre- and post-ictal brain activity characterization using combined source decomposition and connectivity estimation in epileptic children
2019
In this research, the study of functional connectivity between sources of electroencephalogram (EEG) activity assessed for different classes (well before seizure, preictal and post-ictal) was performed. EEG recordings were acquired from 12 subjects with focal epilepsy. Then, ten common spatial patterns (CSP) were obtained for EEG segments describing 95% of Riemannian distance between pairs of classes, followed by estimation of multivariate autoregressive (MVAR) models’ coefficients. The MVAR models were further used to extract coherence as a functional connectivity measures. Our results show that the coherence between CSP sources differs between baseline and pre-ictal segments: it has the l…
Benign nocturnal alternating hemiplegia of childhood: a new case with unusual findings
2014
Abstract It has been described a neuro developmental disorder labelled “Benign nocturnal alternating hemiplegia of childhood” (BNAHC) characterized by recurrent attacks of nocturnal hemiplegia without progression to neurological or intellectual impairment. We report a female patient who at 11 months revealed a motionless left arm, unusual crying without impairment of consciousness and obvious precipitating factors. The attacks occur during sleep in the early morning with lack of ictal and interictal electroencephalographic abnormalities, progressive neurological deficit, and cognitive impairment. Unlike previous reports of BNAHC our patient come from a family with a history of both migraine…
Benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy followed by childhood absence epilepsy
2011
Abstract Benign myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (BMEI) is a rare syndrome included among idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGE) and syndromes with age-related onset. Recently, it has been shown that a few patients with BMEI later had other epilepsy types mainly IGE but never childhood absence epilepsy (CAE). We report a patient who at 11 months of age showed isolated myoclonic jerks occurring several times a day. The ictal video-EEG and polygraphic recording revealed generalized discharge of spike-wave (SW) lasting 1–2s associated with isolated bilateral synchronous jerk involving mainly the upper limbs controlled by valproic acid (VPA). At 6 years and 8 months the child developed a new elec…
Epoch Parameterization by Gabor Atom Density in Experimental Epilepsy
2007
An Electrocorticogram (ECoG), during an epilepsy episode can change dramatically from the normal state into a high amplitude low frequency signal and suddenly return to the normal sate. It is possible to identify some stages in the epilepsy seizure, the most representative of them: basal, preictal, ictal and posictal. ECoG are highly non periodical signals, so they are analyze with T-F algorithms, in order to follow up its frequency evolution through the seizure stages. Each seizure stage has different frequency components and they show up at different time. Experimental epilepsy produce by kindling model in rats is used; signals are recorded at cortex level. The ECoG is decompose by means …
Interictal cardiorespiratory variability in temporal lobe and absence epilepsy in childhood
2015
It is well known that epilepsy has a profound effect on the autonomic nervous system, especially on the autonomic control of heart rate and respiration. This effect has been widely studied during seizure activity, but less attention has been given to interictal (i.e. seizure-free) activity. The studies that have been done on this topic, showed that heart rate and respiration can be affected individually, even without the occurrence of seizures. In this work, the interactions between these two individual physiological variables are analysed during interictal activity in temporal lobe and absence epilepsy in childhood. These interactions are assessed by decomposing the predictive information …
Migraine as a Cortical Brain Disorder
2020
Purpose Migraine is an exclusively human chronic disorder with ictal manifestations characterized by a multifaceted clinical complexity pointing to a cerebral cortical involvement. The present review is aimed to cover the clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological literature on the role of the cerebral cortex in migraine pathophysiology. Overview Converging clinical scenarios, advanced neuroimaging data, and experimental neurophysiological findings, indicate that fluctuating excitability, plasticity, and metabolism of cortical neurons represent the pathophysiological substrate of the migraine cycle. Abnormal cortical responsivity and sensory processing coupled to a mismatch between the …
Weakness and focal sensory deficits in the postictal state.
2010
Postictal motor deficits may occur in patients following partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Frequency is unclear, epidemiology being hampered by heterogeneous populations and variable methods of detection. Postictal paresis may affect any body part, may be bilateral, and may occur more frequently in seizures involving the sensorimotor cortex. Duration varies depending on the precise mode of testing from a few minutes to 36 hours. Sensory deficits following seizures have been rarely reported but may be missed if not specifically tested for. The lateralizing value of postical paresis is high (>90%), pointing to a seizure origin in the opposite frontal lobe. Postictal paresis often…
Interictal Heart Rate Variability Analysis Reveals Lateralization of Cardiac Autonomic Control in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.
2020
International audience; Purpose: The temporal lobe, a critical hub for cognition, also plays a central role in the regulation of autonomic cardiovascular functions. Lesions in this area are usually associated with abnormalities in the regulation of heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP). The analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) is useful to evaluate the cardiac parasympathetic nervous system activity. This study aims at comparing HRV changes occurring in two groups of patients suffering from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE). To that aim, we evaluated patients differentiated by the right or left location of the epileptic foci. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two adult patients with a diagn…
Classification of EEG signals for prediction of epileptic seizures
2022
Epilepsy is a common brain disorder that causes patients to face multiple seizures in a single day. Around 65 million people are affected by epilepsy worldwide. Patients with focal epilepsy can be treated with surgery, whereas generalized epileptic seizures can be managed with medications. It has been noted that in more than 30% of cases, these medications fail to control epileptic seizures, resulting in accidents and limiting the patient’s life. Predicting epileptic seizures in such patients prior to the commencement of an oncoming seizure is critical so that the seizure can be treated with preventive medicines before it occurs. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals of patients recorded to ob…
Closed-Loop Acoustic Stimulation During Sleep in Children With Epilepsy: A Hypothesis-Driven Novel Approach to Interact With Spike-Wave Activity and …
2019
Slow waves, the electroencephalographic (EEG) hallmark of deep sleep, can be systematically manipulated by acoustic stimulation: stimulation time-locked to the down phase of slow waves reduces, whereas stimulation time-locked to the up phase increases slow waves. Spike-waves during sleep seem to be related to slow waves, raising the question of whether spike-waves can be systematically influenced by such acoustic stimulation. In five pediatric patients, all-night EEG was recorded, combined with real-time slow wave detection. Throughout the night, acoustic stimulation was performed in a 3 × 5-min-block design (no stimulation—stimulation—no stimulation). Tones were applied time-locked either …