Search results for "Ilmastonmuutokset"

Bioclimatic atlas of the terrestrial Arctic

2023

AbstractThe Arctic is the region on Earth that is warming at the fastest rate. In addition to rising means of temperature-related variables, Arctic ecosystems are affected by increasingly frequent extreme weather events causing disturbance to Arctic ecosystems. Here, we introduce a new dataset of bioclimatic indices relevant for investigating the changes of Arctic terrestrial ecosystems. The dataset, called ARCLIM, consists of several climate and event-type indices for the northern high-latitude land areas > 45°N. The indices are calculated from the hourly ERA5-Land reanalysis data for 1950–2021 in a spatial grid of 0.1 degree (~9 km) resolution. The indices are provided in three subsets…

Plant trait‐environment relationships in tundra are consistent across spatial scales

2023

Patterns and processes shaping ecosystems vary across spatiotemporal scales. As plant functional traits reflect ecosystem properties, investigating their relationships with environment provides an important tool to understand and predict ecosystem structure and functioning. This is particularly important in the tundra where a changing climate may trigger severe alterations in plant communities as both summer and winter conditions are changing. Here, we investigate the relationships between key environmental drivers including summer temperature, snow persistence, topographic position and soil pH, and species height, specific leaf area (SLA) and seed mass as plant traits. The study is carried…

Reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation gender analysis of REDD+ and its potential impact on community resources system : case of…

2013

Climate change is the greatest development challenge of the generation. The anthropogenic origins of the phenomenon are mainly in industrialized countries, while people living in poverty in developing countries are the most affected by the negative impacts and have the least capacity to adapt to the changing conditions. The majority of these people are women. Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation plus (REDD+) is a climate change policy that enables forest communities in developing countries to be compensated for the carbon that is sequestrated in their forest. REDD+ has been considered to have a high potential to enhance forest biodiversity as well as to bring positive…

Attuning to a changing ocean

2020

The ocean is a lifeline for human existence, but current practices risk severely undermining ocean sustainability. Present and future social−ecological challenges necessitate the maintenance and development of knowledge and action by stimulating collaboration among scientists and between science, policy, and practice. Here we explore not only how such collaborations have developed in the Nordic countries and adjacent seas but also how knowledge from these regions contributes to an understanding of how to obtain a sustainable ocean. Our collective experience may be summarized in three points: 1) In the absence of long-term observations, decision-making is subject to high risk arising from na…

Hiukkasmaisten hiilipäästöjen vaikutus ilmastoon

2016

Ilmakehän hiukkasmainen hiili on aerosolimuodossa esiintyvää hiiltä, joka on vapautunut ilmaan epätäydellisistä palamisprosesseista. Hiukkasmaisia hiiliyhdisteitä emittoituu erilaisista päästölähteistä, joista globaalisti tarkasteltuna suurin osa on ihmisperäisiä. Tarkastelemme miten alkuainemuotoisen mustan hiilen hiukkasemissiot absorboivat lämpösäteilyä maapallolla ja millainen vaikutus niillä on ilmastoon ja säteilytasapainoon. Suoran lämpöabsorption lisäksi mustan hiilen laskeuma tummentaa lumi- ja jääpeitteitä, mikä vähentää epäsuorasti albedon muutoksen kautta takaisin avaruuteen heijastuvan säteilyn määrää. Hiukkasen absorption ja sironnan voimakkuudet vaihtelevat partikkelin muodos…

Enhancing Resilience of Boreal Forests Through Management Under Global Change: a Review

2022

Abstract Purpose of Review Boreal forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services that are important to society. The boreal biome is experiencing the highest rates of warming on the planet and increasing demand for forest products. Here, we review how changes in climate and its associated extreme events (e.g., windstorms) are putting at risk the capacity of these forests to continue providing ecosystem services. We further analyze the role of forest management to increase forest resilience to the combined effects of climate change and extreme events. Recent Findings Enhancing forest resilience recently gained a lot of interest from theoretical perspective. Yet, it remains unclear how to …

Affective Estrangement and Ecological Destruction in TV Crime Series Fortitude

2020

Koistinen and Mäntymäki examine how graphic violence evokes affect in the context of ecological destruction in the UK-produced TV crime fiction series Fortitude (2015–17). They argue that the series mobilises generic exchange by incorporating speculative elements into a traditional crime narrative structure, thereby creating space for affective estrangement. They show how the amalgamation of violence, ecological destruction and affect serves as an entrance into socioecological critique with a strong cautionary element through the negotiation between the human and nonhuman and the ethics of violence. Theoretically, the chapter relies on Sara Ahmed’s view of affect as social processes produce…

A review of the importance of mineral nitrogen cycling in the plant-soil-microbe system of permafrost-affected soils : changing the paradigm

2022

The paradigm that permafrost-affected soils show restricted mineral nitrogen (N) cycling in favor of organic N compounds is based on the observation that net N mineralization rates in these cold climates are negligible. However, we find here that this perception is wrong. By synthesizing published data on N cycling in the plant-soil-microbe system of permafrost ecosystems we show that gross ammonification and nitrification rates in active layers were of similar magnitude and showed a similar dependence on soil organic carbon (C) and total N concentrations as observed in temperate and tropical systems. Moreover, high protein depolymerization rates and only marginal effects of C:N stoichiomet…

Ilmasto ja sen määräämät luonnonolot Suomen asutuksen ja maatalouden historiassa

2012

The Origins of Northern European Autographa Gamma Individuals Evaluated Using Hydrogen Stable Isotopes

2018

1. Many insect species are migratory. As the spring progresses, adults gradually depart from their over‐wintering habitats and arrive in northern zones where they reproduce during the summer. Understanding this transgenerational and highly adaptive migratory behaviour is crucial when interpreting life cycle dynamics of many insect pests. 2. Origins of migratory silver Y moths, Autographa gamma (Linnaeus, 1758), captured from Finland, were studied with stable hydrogen analysis of their wings (δ2Hw). 3. The difference between spring and autumn generation δ2Hw values indicate different geographical natal origins. The probability surface map shows that the spring generation probably emerged in …