Search results for "Immune system"

miR-155: On the Crosstalk Between Inflammation and Cancer

2009

MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate the expression of multiple target genes and are thus implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. miR-155 is processed from BIC, a non-coding transcript highly expressed in both activated B and T cells and in monocytes/macrophages. miR-155 levels change dynamically during both hematopoietic lineage differentiation and the course of the immune response. Different mouse models developed recently indicate that miR-155 plays a critical role during hematopoiesis and regulates lymphocyte homeostasis and tolerance. A moderate increase of miR-155 levels is observed in many types of malignancies of B cell …

An Overview of Systematic Reviews of the Role of Vitamin D on Inflammation in Patients with Diabetes and the Potentiality of Its Application on Diabe…

2022

Almost two years have passed since the outbreak reported for the first time in Wuhan of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), due to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 coronavirus, rapidly evolved into a pandemic. This infectious disease has stressed global health care systems. The mortality rate is higher, particularly in elderly population and in patients with comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic lung disease, chronic renal disease, and malignancy. Among them, subjects with diabetes have a high risk of developing severe form of COVID-19 and show increased mortality. How diabetes contributes to COVID-19 severity remains unclear. …

IMMUNOLOGY OF AGING

2012

Cytokines and Neurotrophins Interact in Normal and Diseased States

2006

Neurotrophins (NTs) such as nerve growth factor (NGF) as well as cytokines, for example, interleukin-6 (IL-6), are communicators between the nervous and immune systems. There is evidence for mutual interactions between NTs and cytokines. Strategies are being developed to elucidate the molecular mechanism/s of interactions and to understand how cytokines are involved in health and disease. Analysis of underlying signaling pathways in glial cells indicates that different transcription factors, such as NF-kappa B, cAMP-responsive-element binding protein (CREB), and activator protein 1 (AP-1), are involved in NT induction. IL-6 and NTs of the NGF family are coexpressed at sites of nerve injury.…

Anti-inflammatory Therapies for Cardiovascular Disease: Signaling Pathways and Mechanisms

2019

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease promoted by several risk factors such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking. Acute CVD events are the result of an unresolved inflammatory chronic state that promotes the rupture of unstable plaque lesions. Of note, the existing intensive therapies modify risk factors but do not prevent life-threatening recurrent ischemic events in high-risk patients, who have a residual inflammatory risk displayed by increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Better understanding of the role of innate and adaptive immunity in plaque development and rupture has led t…

Expression and function of micro-RNAs in immune cells during normal or disease state.

2008

Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are 19-24 nucleotide long non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression. They are found in almost all species: viruses, plants, nematodes, fly, fish, mouse, human, and are implicated in a wide array of cellular and developmental processes. Microarray-based miRNA profiling brought to the discovery of miRNAs specific to different hematopoietic lineages. Furthermore, the functional assays performed in tissue cultures to discover miRNAs involved in immune responses in combination with the reports of miRNA-transgenic or miRNA -knockout mouse models has helped elucidating the miRNA roles in the development and function of immune system. Abnormal patterns …

Lipoprotein-induced phenoloxidase-activity in tarantula hemocyanin.

2015

Phenoloxidases play vital roles in invertebrate innate immune reactions, wound closure and sclerotization processes in arthropods. In chelicerates, where phenoloxidases are lacking, phenoloxidase-activity can be induced in the oxygen carrier hemocyanin in vitro by proteolytic cleavage, incubation with the artificial inducer SDS, or lipids. The role of protein-protein interaction has up to now received little attention. This is remarkable, as lipoproteins - complexes of proteins and lipids - are present at high concentrations in arthropod hemolymph. We characterized the three lipoproteins present in tarantula hemolymph, two high-density lipoproteins and one very high-density lipoprotein, and…

Innate Immunity Responses Are Differently Altered in Central and Distal Airways of COPD Patients.

2009

ID: 156

2015

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently discovered family of innate lymphocytes that are substantially represented at mucosal surfaces and have been implicated in the protection of epithelial barriers. Various types of ILCs can be discriminated based on the expression of distinct transcription factors controlling the expression of a distinct set of cytokine genes endowing the various ILC subsets with a specific range of effector functions. Currently, three groups of ILCs are being recognized. Group 1 ILCs (ILC1s) are a diverse group of ILCs comprised of natural killer (NK) cells and other, poorly defined subsets of ILCs. It is believed that the ILC1 fate decision is controlled by the T-…

The herpesviral antagonist m152 reveals differential activation of STING ‐dependent IRF and NF ‐κB signaling and STING 's dual role during MCMV infec…

2019

Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are master manipulators of the host immune response. Here, we reveal that the murine CMV (MCMV) protein m152 specifically targets the type I interferon (IFN) response by binding to stimulator of interferon genes (STING), thereby delaying its trafficking to the Golgi compartment from where STING initiates type I IFN signaling. Infection with an MCMV lacking m152 induced elevated type I IFN responses and this leads to reduced viral transcript levels both in vitro and in vivo This effect is ameliorated in the absence of STING Interestingly, while m152 inhibits STING-mediated IRF signaling, it did not affect STING-mediated NF-κB signaling. Analysis of how m152 targets S…