Search results for "Immune system"
showing 10 items of 2885 documents
Mast cells as rapid innate sensors of cytomegalovirus by TLR3/TRIF signaling-dependent and -independent mechanisms
2014
The succinct metaphor, ‘the immune system's loaded gun', has been used to describe the role of mast cells (MCs) due to their storage of a wide range of potent pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators in secretory granules that can be released almost instantly on demand to fight invaders. Located at host–environment boundaries and equipped with an arsenal of pattern recognition receptors, MCs are destined to be rapid innate sensors of pathogens penetrating endothelial and epithelial surfaces. Although the importance of MCs in antimicrobial and antiparasitic defense has long been appreciated, their role in raising the alarm against viral infections has been noted only recently. Work on cy…
Knockout of the KH-Type Splicing Regulatory Protein Drives Glomerulonephritis in MRL-Faslpr Mice
2021
KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is an RNA-binding protein that promotes mRNA decay and thereby negatively regulates cytokine expression at the post-transcriptional level. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by dysregulated cytokine expression causing multiple organ manifestations
Isolation and characterization of maerophage-derived C1q and its similarities to serum C1q
1986
Recently, we have shown that the collagen-like, Fc-recognizing subcomponent C1q of the first complement component is synthesized by human, guinea pig and mouse peritoneal macrophages. To test whether macrophages may contribute to the serum pool of C1q, C1q was purified from guinea pig serum and from guinea pig peritoneal macrophage supernatants and compared for similarities. Both molecules had a similar sedimentation rate (macrophage C1q: 11.3 S, serum C1q: 11.2 S) and showed on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions three identical bands with molecular weights of Mr, 29 000, Mr, 27 000 and Mr 23 000 for the A, B and C chains, respectively. Both …
HIF-Overexpression and Pro-Inflammatory Priming in Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improves the Healing Properties of Extracellular Vesicles in Exper…
2021
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have therapeutic potential in the treatment of several immune disorders, including ulcerative colitis, owing to their regenerative and immunosuppressive properties. We recently showed that MSCs engineered to overexpress hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha and telomerase (MSC-T-HIF) and conditioned with pro-inflammatory stimuli release EVs (EVMSC-T-HIFC) with potent immunomodulatory activity. We tested the efficacy of EVMSC-T-HIFC to repolarize M1 macrophages (Mφ1) to M2-like macrophages (Mφ2-like) by analyzing surface markers and cytokines and performing functional assays in co-culture, including efferocytosis and T-cel…
Effect of cytomegalovirus-induced immune response, self antigen-induced immune response, and microbial translocation on chronic immune activation in …
2013
International audience; We evaluated the impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced immune responses, autoimmune-induced immune responses, and microbial translocation on immune activation in 191 human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients from the ANRS CO3 Aquitaine Cohort. All enrolled subjects had achieved long-term virological suppression during receipt of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). HLA-DR(+)/CD38(+) expression was 16.8% among CD8(+) T cells. Independent of age, CD4(+) T-cell count, 16S ribosomal DNA load, and regulatory T-cell count, positive results of Quantiferon CMV analysis (P = .02), positive results of CMV-pp65 enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot analysis (P = …
Synergistic effect between amoxicillin and TLR ligands on dendritic cells from amoxicillin-delayed allergic patients.
2013
Journal Article; Amoxicillin, a low-molecular-weight compound, is able to interact with dendritic cells inducing semi-maturation in vitro. Specific antigens and TLR ligands can synergistically interact with dendritic cells (DC), leading to complete maturation and more efficient T-cell stimulation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of amoxicillin and the TLR2, 4 and 7/8 agonists (PAM, LPS and R848, respectively) in TLR expression, DC maturation and specific T-cell response in patients with delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions to amoxicillin. Monocyte-derived DC from 15 patients with DTH to amoxicillin and 15 controls were cultured with amoxicillin in the pr…
Trade-offs between sexual advertisement and immune function in the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca).
2004
Good genes models of sexual selection assume that sexual advertisement is costly and thus the level of advertisement honestly reveals heritable viability. Recently it has been suggested that an important cost of sexual advertisement might be impairment of the functioning of the immune system. In this field experiment we investigated the possible trade-offs between immune function and sexual advertisement by manipulating both mating effort and activity of immune defence in male pied flycatchers. Mating effort was increased in a non-arbitrary manner by removing females from mated males during nest building. Widowed males sustained higher haematocrit levels than control males and showed higher…
FTY720 reduces post-ischemic brain lymphocyte influx but does not improve outcome in permanent murine cerebral ischemia.
2011
Background The contribution of neuroinflammation and specifically brain lymphocyte invasion is increasingly recognised as a substantial pathophysiological mechanism after stroke. FTY720 is a potent treatment for primary neuroinflammatory diseases by inhibiting lymphocyte circulation and brain immigration. Previous studies using transient focal ischemia models showed a protective effect of FTY720 but did only partially characterize the involved pathways. We tested the neuroprotective properties of FTY720 in permanent and transient cortical ischemia and analyzed the underlying neuroimmunological mechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings FTY720 treatment resulted in substantial reduction of c…
Treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with adenylate deaminase from Penicillium lanoso-viride.
2000
The effect of intramuscularly administered immunomodulator, adenylate deaminase (E.C. 3.5.4.6), from Penicillium lanoso-viride on the clinical score of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, was examined by inoculation of guinea pigs with rabbit brain and spinal cord homogenate (encephalitogen) and complete Freund's adjuvant. Adenylate deaminase (ADA) was effective in delaying the onset of clinical disease. ADA inhibited the severity of EAE. There was a significant decrease in clinical signs. A decrease in the number of morbid and dead animals was observed. Of ADA treated animals, 50-80% developed no clinical manifestations of EAE. The o…
A human leucocyte antigen-DR1 transgene confers susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis elicited by an epitope of myelin basic prot…
2003
Much evidence now indicates that human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II transgenic (Tg) mice can be of value in analysing HLA-restricted presentation of T-cell epitopes relevant to experimental models of autoimmune diseases. One area where this has been applied is the characterization of myelin epitopes presented by HLA class II molecules in experimental model of multiple sclerosis (experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)). As a first step towards humanized disease models in HLA Tg mice, we have analysed immune response of lymph node cells of HLA-DR1 Tg mice immunized with the human myelin basic protein (MBP) peptides 13–33, 87–106 and 139–154 bound by HLA-DR1. We report h…