Search results for "Immune system"
showing 10 items of 2885 documents
Impact of probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on the gut microbiome composition in HIV-treated patients: A double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled…
2017
Dysbalance in gut microbiota has been linked to increased microbial translocation, leading to chronic inflammation in HIV-patients, even under effective HAART. Moreover, microbial translocation is associated with insufficient reconstitution of CD4+T cells, and contributes to the pathogenesis of immunologic non-response. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we recently showed that, compared to placebo, 12 weeks treatment with probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii significantly reduced plasma levels of bacterial translocation (Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein or LBP) and systemic inflammation (IL-6) in 44 HIV virologically suppressed patients, half of whom (n = 22) had immun…
Tubular cell damage may be the earliest sign of renal extrahepatic manifestation caused by Hepatitis C
2021
Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Kaartinen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most well-known extrahepatic manifestations caused by hepatitis C infection (HCV). CKD is typically discovered at a late stage. HCVnephropathy may show different histopathologic patterns, as both glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage have been described. Identification of patients with early renal manifestations would be beneficial to provide treatment and avoid progres…
Anti-prothrombin autoantibodies enriched after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and influenced by strength of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 proteins
2021
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), assumed to cause antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), are notorious for their heterogeneity in targeting phospholipids and phospholipid-binding proteins. The persistent presence of Lupus anticoagulant and/or aPL against cardiolipin and/or β2-glycoprotein I have been shown to be independent risk factors for vascular thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity in APS. aPL production is thought to be triggered by–among other factors–viral infections, though infection-associated aPL have mostly been considered non-pathogenic. Recently, the potential pathogenicity of infection-associated aPL has gained momentum since an increasing number of patients infected with Severe Acu…
Unraveling the role of the secretor antigen in human rotavirus attachment to histo-blood group antigens
2019
25 Páginas, 7 figuras, 2 tablas
Lipid presentation by the protein C receptor links coagulation with autoimmunity.
2021
A lipid-protein autoimmunity target Several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and primary antiphospholipid syndrome, are characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs). These molecules can activate the complement and coagulation cascades, which contributes to pathologies such as thrombosis, stroke, and pregnancy complications. Müller-Calleja et al. found that endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) in complex with lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) is the cell-surface target for aPL and mediates its internalization (see the Perspective by Kaplan). aPL binding to EPCR-LBPA resulted in the activation of tissue factor–mediated coagulation and interfero…
T Cell Receptor Mimic Peptidesand Their Potential Application in T-Cell-Mediated Diseas e
2001
<i>Background:</i> A T cell receptor (TCR) peptide was designed that mimics the intramembranous amino acid sequence of the TCR chain. Prior studies had shown that this mimic peptide would inhibit TCR signaling. This study was designed to investigate the use of this mimic peptide for the treatment of T-cell-mediated skin diseases. <i>Methods:</i> Synthesized mimic peptides were first tested for their T-cell-inhibitory effect in proliferation assays. Afterwards, mimic peptides were applied to murine ear skin prior to application of a contact allergen and tested for their inhibitory effect in the model of murine allergic contact sensitivity. The effect of epicutaneous t…
Second-generation Langerhans cells originating from epidermal precursors are essential for CD8+ T cell priming.
2014
Abstract In vivo studies questioned the ability of Langerhans cells (LCs) to mediate CD8+ T cell priming. To address this issue, we used intradermal immunization with plasmid DNA, a system in which activation of CD8+ T cells depends on delayed kinetics of Ag presentation. We found that dendritic cells (DCs) located in the skin at the time of immunization have limited ability to activate CD8+ T cells. This activity was mediated by a second generation of DCs that differentiated in the skin several days after immunization, as well as by lymph node–resident DCs. Intriguingly, CD8+ T cell responses were not affected following treatment with clodronate liposomes, immunization of CCR2−/− mice, or …
Crosstalk of regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells prevents contact allergy in subjects with low zone tolerance
2012
Background Allergic contact dermatitis is one of the most common occupational diseases. A main protective mechanism in those who do not develop allergic contact dermatitis is tolerance induction by repeated exposure to low doses of contact allergen, which is termed low zone tolerance (LZT). The mechanisms that determine the tolerance induction in subjects with LZT are still elusive. Objective We performed analysis of the role of CD4 + CD25 + forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3)–positive regulatory T (Treg) cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in mice with LZT. Methods Mechanisms of tolerance induction were analyzed in a murine model of LZT by using FOXP3 and IL-10 reporter mice, as well as mice that a…
Regulatory T cells selectively preserve immune privilege of self-antigens during viral central nervous system infection.
2012
Abstract Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are important for the attenuation of immune reactions. During viral CNS infections, however, an indiscriminate maintenance of CNS immune privilege through Treg-mediated negative regulation could prevent autoimmune sequelae but impair the control of viral replication. We analyzed in this study the impact of Tregs on the development of acute viral encephalomyelitis, T cell-mediated antiviral protection, and prevention of CNS autoimmunity following intranasal infection with the gliatropic mouse hepatitis virus strain A59. To assess the contribution of Tregs in vivo, we specifically depleted CD4+Foxp3+ T cells in a diphtheria toxin-dependent manner. We found …
C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4 Blockade Promotes Tissue Repair After Myocardial Infarction by Enhancing Regulatory T Cell Mobilization and Immune-R…
2019
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (MI) elicits an inflammatory response that drives tissue repair and adverse cardiac remodeling. Inflammatory cell trafficking after MI is controlled by C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its receptor, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). CXCR4 antagonists mobilize inflammatory cells and promote infarct repair, but the cellular mechanisms are unclear. Methods: We investigated the therapeutic potential and mode of action of the peptidic macrocycle CXCR4 antagonist POL5551 in mice with reperfused MI. We applied cell depletion and adoptive transfer strategies using lymphocyte-deficient Rag1 knockout mice; DEREG mice, which express a diphth…