Search results for "Immunity"
showing 10 items of 1537 documents
Humoral immunity and retrobulbar fibroblasts in endocrine ophthalmopathy
1992
The exact role of retrobulbar fibroblasts in the immunopathogenesis of endocrine ophthalmopathy still remains to be elucidated. To evaluate the in vitro influence of humoral immunity on retrobulbar fibroblasts, the effects of immunoglobulin G as well as of the sera of 50 euthyroid patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy and 30 controls on both porcine and human (patients' and controls') retrobulbar fibroblasts were measured by means of several assays: a colorimetric test involving a heterocyclic chemical, a tetrazolium bromide, was applied to quantify the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases; the incorporation of 3H-thymidine was determined as a sensitive parameter for cell proliferation…
Autoimmune Diabetes Recurrence After Pancreas Transplantation: Diagnosis, Management, and Literature Review
2019
[EN] Background: Pancreas transplantation can be a viable treatment option for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), especially for those who are candidates for kidney transplantation. T1DM may rarely recur after pancreas transplantation, causing the loss of pancreatic graft. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of T1DM recurrence after pancreas transplantation in our series. Material/Methods: Eighty-one patients transplanted from 2002 to 2015 were included. Autoantibody testing (GADA and IA-2) was performed before pancreas transplantation and during the follow-up. Results: The series includes 48 males and 33 females, mean age 37.4+5.7 years and mean duration of dia…
Knockdown of NANOG Reduces Cell Proliferation and Induces G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest in Human Adipose Stem Cells
2019
The core components of regenerative medicine are stem cells with high self-renewal and tissue regeneration potentials. Adult stem cells can be obtained from many organs and tissues. NANOG, SOX2 and OCT4 represent the core regulatory network that suppresses differentiation-associated genes, maintaining the pluripotency of mesenchymal stem cells. The roles of NANOG in maintaining self-renewal and undifferentiated status of adult stem cells are still not perfectly established. In this study we define the effects of downregulation of NANOG in maintaining self-renewal and undifferentiated state in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from subcutaneous adipose tissue (hASCs). hASCs were expanded…
Role of TLR4 polymorphisms in inflammatory responses: implications for unsuccessful aging.
2007
The total burden of infection at various sites may affect the progression of atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease (AD), the risk being modulated by host genotype. The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor TLR4 is paradigmatic. It initiates the innate immune response against gram-negative bacteria, and TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), such as +896A/G, known to attenuate receptor signaling, have been described. This SNP shows a significantly lower frequency in patients affected by myocardial infarction or AD. Thus, people genetically predisposed to developing lower inflammatory activity seem to have less chance of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) or AD. In the presen…
Liver cirrhosis associated with heterozygous alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency type Pi MS and autoimmune features.
1995
Patients with homozygous protease inhibitor (Pi) type ZZ or a few rare M-like types may develop liver cirrhosis due to intracellular storage of alpha-antitrypsin (AAT), whereas some patients with heterozygous Pi MZ or SZ normally present with transient abnormal liver function tests in childhood. We report a 42-year-old obese patient who developed liver cirrhosis in association with heterozygous Pi MS (AAT) deficiency. Immunohistological and electron microscope examination showed storage of AAT in the hepatocytes. Interestingly, autoimmune features in this patient suggest that abnormal immune responses may contribute to the pathology of chronic liver disease.
Guinea pig transglutaminase immunolinked assay does not predict coeliac disease in patients with chronic liver disease
2001
BACKGROUND—It has been suggested that serological screening for coeliac disease (CD) should be performed in patients with chronic unexplained hypertransaminasaemia. AIMS—To evaluate the specificity for CD diagnosis of serum IgA antitissue transglutaminase (tTG) determination in consecutive patients with chronic hypertransaminasaemia using the most widely utilised ELISA based on tTG from guinea pig as the antigen. PATIENTS AND METHODS—We studied 98 patients with chronic hypertransaminasaemia, evaluated for the first time in a hepatology clinic. Serum anti-tTG and antiendomysial (EmA) assays were performed. Patients positive for EmA and/or anti-tTG were proposed for intestinal biopsy. Finally…
The effects of prebiotics on microbial dysbiosis, butyrate production and immunity in HIV-infected subjects
2017
Altered interactions between the gut mucosa and bacteria during HIV infection seem to contribute to chronic immune dysfunction. A deeper understanding of how nutritional interventions could ameliorate gut dysbiosis is needed. Forty-four subjects, including 12 HIV+ viremic untreated (VU) patients, 23 antiretroviral therapy-treated (ART(+)) virally suppressed patients (15 immunological responders and 8 non-responders) and 9 HIV- controls (HIV-), were blindly randomized to receive either prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS/glutamine) or placebo (34/10) over 6 weeks in this pilot study. We assessed fecal microbiota composition using deep 16S rRNA gene sequencing and several immunological and genetic marker…
Induction of antitoxin responses in Clostridium-difficile-infected patients compared to healthy blood donors
2016
According to the literature Clostridium difficile antitoxins are present in up to 66% of humans. In a survey of ∼400 plasma samples from healthy blood donors we found that less than 6% were positive for anti-TcdA or anti-TcdB antitoxins. Using the same standard immunoassay protocol, we looked for IgG and IgA antitoxins in the blood and stool samples from 25 patients with C. difficile infection (CDI). Some patients with CDI had no antitoxin detected at all, while others had high levels of specific IgG- and IgA-antitoxins against both TcdA and TcdB in blood and IgA-anti-TcdA and -anti-TcdB antibodies in stool. Systemic responses to TcdB and mucosal responses to TcdA predominated. Among patien…
Hematological immune related adverse events after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors
2021
Abstract Introduction With the increasing use of checkpoint inhibitors, rare immune-related adverse events (irAE) are being identified. Haematological irAE (hem-irAE) are difficult to treat and have shown high mortality rates. In order to improve side-effect management for these potentially life-threatening events, we analysed frequency, severity and outcomes. Patients and methods Patients who developed hem-irAE while being treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) therapy were retrospectively identified from 18 international cancer centres. Results In total, more than 7626 patients treated with ICI were screened, and 50 patients with hem-irAE identified. The calculated incidence amou…
Proinflammatory CX3CR1+CD59+Tumor Necrosis Factor–Like Molecule 1A+Interleukin‐23+ Monocytes Are Expanded in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis and…
2018
Objective: Gut-derived innate lymphoid cell 3 (ILC3) has been shown to participate in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). CX3CR1+ mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) have been demonstrated to modulate ILC3 function in the gut. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of proinflammatory CX3CR1+CD59+ MNPs in modulating ILC3 function in AS patients. Methods: MNP subsets in the blood of AS patients and controls were analyzed by flow cytometry. The presence of CX3CR1+CD59+ cells in tissue was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Expression of the proinflammatory chemokines CX3CL1 and CCL2 and decoy receptor 6 (DcR-6) was analyzed. Peripheral CX3CR1+CD59+ cells were cocultured with I…