Search results for "Immunity"
showing 10 items of 1537 documents
Mast Cells and Th17 Cells Contribute to the Lymphoma-Associated Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment of Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma
2010
Reports focusing on the immunological microenvironment of peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are rare. Here we studied the reciprocal contribution of regulatory (Treg) and interleukin-17-producing (Th17) T-cells to the composition of the lymphoma-associated microenvironment of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and PTCL not otherwise specified on tissue microarrays from 30 PTCLs not otherwise specified and 37 AITLs. We found that Th17 but not Treg cells were differently represented in the two lymphomas and correlated with the amount of mast cells (MCs) and granulocytes, which preferentially occurred in the cellular milieu of AITL cases. We observed that MCs directly synthesized inter…
Contribution of sponge genes to unravel the genome of the hypothetical ancestor of Metazoa (Urmetazoa)
2001
Recently the term Urmetazoa, as the hypothetical metazoan ancestor, was introduced to highlight the finding that all metazoan phyla including the Porifera (sponges) are derived from one common ancestor. Sponges as the evolutionarily oldest, still extant phylum, are provided with a complex network of structural and functional molecules. Analyses of sponge genomes from Demospongiae (Suberites domuncula and Geodia cydonium), Calcarea (Sycon raphanus) and Hexactinellida (Aphrocallistes vastus) have contributed also to the reconstruction of the evolutionary position of Metazoa with respect to Fungi. Furthermore, these analyses have provided evidence that the characteristic evolutionary novelties…
Basic approach of inflammation, injury and regeneration in Anemonia viridis
2020
The potential for tissue regeneration is a powerful adaptive strategy essential to the survival of individuals. It allows to face wounds or loss of body parts induced by predation, anthropic actions or environmental factors. In light of the high probability of increasing levels of disturbances caused by injuries and the increasing possibility of invasion of microbes and foreign agents in the tissues of anthozoans, it is crucial to determine how the species respond to wounds and physical damage and understand the capacity of recovering and tissues regeneration. From this point of view, the regeneration capacity of Anthozoa it could be considered an additional arm of innate immune defence and…
The multiple potentialities of anthozoans: analyses and comparisons between animal models
2023
Anthozoans are the richest class of species of the phylum Cnidaria. They are a candidate group for studying the evolution of mutualisms and immunity and despite their morphological simplicity exhibit a repertoire of immunological components with large genomes and gene families similar to those of the Bilateria. Like other invertebrates, anthozoans immunity is based on self/non-self recognition mechanisms and allorecognition responses, therefore, maintaining their integrity and responding actively to selection pressures. Highlight and investigate the link between innate immunity, homeostasis maintenance, inflammation, tissue remodelling and regeneration in Anthozoa could be useful to elucida…
Chemotherapy-induced antitumor immunity requires formyl peptide receptor 1.
2015
How dying tumor cells get noticed Besides killing tumor cells directly, some chemotherapies, such as anthracyclines, also activate the immune system to kill tumors. Vacchelli et al. discovered that in mice, anthracycline-induced antitumor immunity requires immune cells to express the protein formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). Dendritic cells (DCs) near tumors expressed especially high amounts of FPR1. DCs normally capture fragments of dying tumor cells and use them to activate nearby T cells to kill tumors, but DCs lacking FPR1 failed to do this effectively. Individuals with breast or colon cancer expressing a variant of FPR1 and treated with anthracyclines showed poor metastasis-free and ov…
Echinoderm Antimicrobial Peptides: The Ancient Arms of the Deuterostome Innate Immune System
2016
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely expressed in organisms and have been linked to innate and acquired immunity in vertebrates. These compounds are constitutively expressed from different cellular types to interact directly with infectious agents and/or modulate immunoreactions. In invertebrates, including echinoderms, which lack a vertebrate-type adaptive immune system, AMPs represent the major humoral defense system against infection, showing a diverse spectrum of action mechanisms, most of them related to plasma membrane disturbance and lethal alteration of microbial integrity. Here, we summarize the knowledge of AMPs in echinoderms as Strongylocins identified in the sea urchins, St…
Protective immunity against Echinostoma caproni in rats is induced by Syphacia muris infection.
2012
Syphacia muris (Nematoda: Oxyuridae) is a ubiquitous nematode that commonly infects rats in the laboratory and can interfere with the development of unrelated biological assays. In this context, we analysed the effect of a patent S. muris infection in Wistar rats on a superimposed infection with the intestinal trematode, Echinostoma caproni (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). The results indicate that in the rats, infection with S. muris induces an immunity against a subsequent infection with E. caproni, although each parasite occupies different niches in the host. Echinostoma caproni worm recovery was significantly decreased in the rats primarily infected with S. muris and, at 3 and 4 weeks pos…
Cellular and humoral immune responses against cancer: implications for cancer vaccines.
1991
The key issue in tumor immunology is to identify antigens as target structures for a cancer-selective immunological attack in the tumor-bearing host, resulting in tumor rejection. There is a growing detailed understanding of structural and regulatory gene alterations giving rise to candidate rejection antigens and peptides in tumor cells. As well as reviewing the development of new adjuvant and recombinant vector systems, new approaches are suggested for the construction of cancer vaccines.