Search results for "Immunocompromised"

showing 10 items of 98 documents

New methods of delivery of amphotericin B.

1993

Fungal infections continue to be a major problem in the management of immunocompromised patients. Despite its formidable toxicity and treatment failures, amphotericin B is still the drug of choice for most of these infections. One strategy for reducing the toxicity of amphotericin B and thus permitting administration of higher doses is that of using less toxic formulations. Entrapping amphotericin B into liposomes or binding it to other substances reduces its toxicity to host cells, whereas the selective binding of amphotericin B to ergosterol preserves its toxicity to fungal cells. Adding fungus-specific antibodies to such liposomes may further increase the efficiency of drug targeting. Th…

Microbiology (medical)DrugTime Factorsmedia_common.quotation_subjectPharmacologyAspergillosisRoute of administrationImmunocompromised HostAmphotericin BAmphotericin BMedicineAnimalsAspergillosisHumansAdministration Intranasalmedia_commonAerosolsDosage Formsbusiness.industrymedicine.diseaseClinical trialInfectious DiseasesTargeted drug deliveryMycosesToxicityNasal administrationbusinessmedicine.drugClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
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Senza titolo

2016

MaleImmunocompromised HostNoninvasive VentilationOxygen Inhalation TherapyFemaleRespiratory InsufficiencyHuman
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Albumin replacement therapy in immunocompromised patients with sepsis - Secondary analysis of the ALBIOS trial

2021

Abstract Background The best fluid replacement strategy and the role of albumin in immunocompromised patients with sepsis is unclear. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of immunocompromised patients enrolled in the ALBIOS trial which randomized patients with severe sepsis or septic shock to receive either 20% albumin (target 30 g per liter or more) and crystalloid or crystalloid alone during ICU stay. Results Of 1818 patients originally enrolled, 304 (16.4%) were immunocompromised. One-hundred-thirty-nine (45.7%) patients were randomized in the albumin while 165 (54.2%) in the crystalloid group. At 90 days, 69 (49.6%) in the albumin group and 89 (53.9%) in the crystalloids group died…

medicine.medical_specialtySepsimedicine.medical_treatmentSocio-culturaleCritical Care and Intensive Care MedicineSepsisAlbumin; Immunocompromised; Immunodeficiency; Sepsis; Septic shock03 medical and health sciencesImmunocompromised Host0302 clinical medicineInternal medicineSepsisAlbuminsSeptic shockmedicineHumansImmunodeficiencyRenal replacement therapyAlbumin; Immunocompromised; Immunodeficiency; Sepsis; Septic shock; Albumins; Crystalloid Solutions; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Sepsis; Shock SepticImmunocompromisedMechanical ventilationSeptic shockbusiness.industrySepticAlbuminHazard ratioAcute kidney injuryAlbumin030208 emergency & critical care medicineShockCrystalloid Solutionsmedicine.diseaseShock Septic030228 respiratory systemFluid TherapySOFA scorebusiness
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Presence of potentially pathogenic free-living amoebae strains from well water samples in Guinea-Bissau

2014

Free-living amoebae (FLA) include opportunistic pathogens such as Naegleria fowleri, Balamuthia mandrillaris, and the genera Sappinia and Acanthamoeba. In this study, a survey was conducted in order to evaluate the presence of potentially pathogenic amoebic strains in water samples collected from wells located in the western part of Guinea-Bissau. The samples were left to precipitate for 48 hours and then the sediments were seeded on non-nutrient agar plates containing Escherichia coli spread and cultures were checked daily for the presence of FLA. Identification of FLA strains was based on the morphological and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the 18S rDNA or 16S mitochondrial rDNA ge…

Antigens ProtozoanBalamuthiaMicrobiologyNaegleriaBalamuthia mandrillarisBalamuthia mandrillarisMicrobiologyAgar plateImmunocompromised HostWater Supplyparasitic diseasesGenotypeAnimalsHumansGuinea-BissauNaegleria fowleriNaegleria fowleribiologyDrinking WaterPublic Health Environmental and Occupational HealthGenes rRNAAmebiasisGeneral Medicinebiology.organism_classificationAcanthamoebaInfectious DiseasesGene Expression RegulationOriginal ArticleParasitologyPublic HealthSappiniaPathogens and Global Health
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Preclinical models in oncological pharmacology: limits and advantages

2021

A wide range of experimental tumor models, each with distinct advantages and disadvantages, is nowadays available. Due to the inherent differences in their complexity and functionality, the choice of the model is usually dependent on the application. Thus, to advance specific knowledge, one has to choose and use appropriate models, which complexity is largely dependent on the hypotheses to test, that is on the objectives. Whatever the model chosen, the complexity of cancer is such that none of them will be able to fully represent it. In vitro tumor models have provided important tools for cancer research and still serve as low-cost screening platforms for drugs. The improved understanding o…

3D modelengineered mouse modelsmedicine.medical_specialty3D models3d modelcell linescell lineBiologyOncology; cell lines; 3D models; engineered mouse models; zebrafish models; immunocompromised mouse modelsengineered mouse modelzebrafish modelsOncologyOncology; cell lines; 3D models; engineered mouse models; zebrafish models; immunocompromised mouse models.medicineMedical physicsimmunocompromised mouse modelszebrafish model
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Pulmonary infiltrate with characteristic “reversed halo” and “air crescent” signs

2016

Male0301 basic medicinePathologymedicine.medical_specialtyAntifungal AgentsPancytopenia030106 microbiologyAstrocytoma030218 nuclear medicine & medical imagingImmunocompromised Host03 medical and health sciences0302 clinical medicineBronchoscopyInternal MedicineHumansMedicineInvasive Pulmonary Aspergillosisbusiness.industryMiddle AgedCombined Modality TherapyAspergillusPulmonary infiltratesVoriconazoleHaloTomography X-Ray Computedbusiness
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High flow nasal therapy in immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2019

Abstract Purpose The role of high-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) as compared to conventional oxygen therapy (COT) in immunocompromised patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with acute respiratory failure (ARF) remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to address this issue. Methods We searched PubMed, Medline and Embase until November 7th, 2018. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), non-randomized prospective and retrospective evidence were selected. Observational studies were considered for sensitivity analysis. Primary outcome was mortality rate; intubation rate was a secondary outcome. Results We included four studies in the primary analysis: one RCT…

medicine.medical_specialtyCritical CareAcute respiratory failure High flow nasal cannula High flow nasal therapy Immunocompromised patients Mechanical ventilation Noninvasive ventilation Oxygen therapy Cannula Humans Immunocompromised Host Intubation Intratracheal Noninvasive Ventilation Oxygen Inhalation Therapy Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Respiratory Distress Syndrome Adult Critical Caremedicine.medical_treatmentAcute respiratory failureCritical Care and Intensive Care Medicinelaw.inventionImmunocompromised Host03 medical and health sciencesMechanical ventilation0302 clinical medicineRandomized controlled triallawInternal medicineOxygen therapyIntubation IntratrachealImmunocompromised patientmedicineCannulaHumansIntubationHigh flow nasal therapyRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicRespiratory Distress Syndromebusiness.industryMortality rateOxygen Inhalation Therapy030208 emergency & critical care medicineRetrospective cohort studyOdds ratioOxygen therapyIntensive care unitHigh flow nasal cannula030228 respiratory systemMeta-analysisbusinessNoninvasive ventilation
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SARS-CoV-2 vaccine response and rate of breakthrough infection in patients with hematological disorders

2022

Abstract Background The clinical efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to antibody response in immunosuppressed patients such as hematological patients has not yet been established. Patients and methods A prospective multicenter registry-based cohort study conducted from December 2020 to December 2021 by the Spanish transplant and cell therapy group was used to analyze the relationship of antibody response at 3–6 weeks after full vaccination (2 doses) with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in 1394 patients with hematological disorders. Results At a median follow-up of 165 days after complete immunization, 37 out of 1394 (2.6%) developed breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection at median of 77 …

*Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2Cancer ResearchCOVID-19 Vaccines*Hematological malignanciesAutologous stem cell transplantationAntibodies ViralBreakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infectionModerna mRNA-1273Cohort StudiesHematological malignancies*Moderna mRNA-1273Correlates of protection*VaccineHumansProspective StudiesVacunacióPfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2Molecular BiologyBNT162 Vaccine*Immunocompromised patients*Correlates of protectionSARS-CoV-2VaccinationHematologic diseasesCOVID-19Hematology*Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infectionHematologic DiseasesSARS-CoV-2 vaccinesAllogeneic stem cell transplantationVirusOncologyMalalties hematològiquesImmunocompromised patients*SARS-CoV-2 vaccines*Autologous stem cell transplantation*COVID-19Vaccine*Allogeneic stem cell transplantationJournal of Hematology & Oncology
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Sepsis due to Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a Patient with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Associated with Bronchopneumonia due to PSeudomonas aerugin…

2015

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections can typically be attributed to exposure to animal products; thus, these infections are more common among farmers, butchers and veterinarians, among others. This article describes a case involving a 54-year-old man who had relative neutropenia subsequent to treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The patient developed E rhusiopathiae bacteremia with concomitant pneumonia. The author of this article suggests a likely route of infection, which is atypical considering the patient did not report exposure to animal products.

Microbiology (medical)Chronic lymphocytic leukemiaCase ReportBronchopneumoniaANIMAL EXPOSUREInfectious and parasitic diseasesRC109-216Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiaemedicine.disease_causeMicrobiologyMicrobiologySepsisSepsisMedicineEscherichia coliImmunocompromised hostbiologyErysipelothrix rhusiopathiaebusiness.industryPseudomonas aeruginosabiology.organism_classificationmedicine.diseaseQR1-502Infectious DiseasesConcomitantImmunologybusinessCanadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology
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Zygomycosis in Italy: A survey of FIMUA-ECMM (Federazione Italiana di Micopatologia Umana ed Animale and European Confederation of Medical Mycology)

2009

Abstract The aims of the study were to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics and treatments for patients who developed zygomycosis enrolled in Italy during the European Confederation of Medical Mycology of medical mycology survey. This prospective multicenter study was performed between 2004 and 2007 at 49 italian Departments. 60 cases of zygomycosis were enrolled: the median age was 59.5 years (range 1-87), with a prevalence of males (70%). The majority of cases were immunocompromised patients (42 cases, 70%), mainly hematological malignancies (37). Among non-immunocompromised (18 cases, 30%), the main category was represented by patients with penetrating trauma (7/18, 3…

AdultMalemedicine.medical_specialtyAdolescentEpidemiologyAntifungal drugImmunocompromised HostPharmacotherapyZygomycosisDrug Resistance FungalAmphotericin BInternal medicineEpidemiologymedicineHumansPharmacology (medical)ChildMycosisAgedPharmacologyImmunocompromised hostAged 80 and overbusiness.industryMortality rateMucormycosisInfantEpidemiology; Immunocompromised host; ZygomycosisMiddle Agedmedicine.diseaseSurgeryInfectious DiseasesOncologyItalyChild PreschoolFemaleZygomycosisbusinessmedicine.drug
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