Search results for "Immunoglobulin"
showing 10 items of 841 documents
Nasal allergen provocation with Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in patients with chronic rhinitis referred to a rhinologic surgical center.
2002
Background Skin tests and specific immunoglobulin (Ig)E determinations identify the presence of some immune response to allergens, but frequently do not correlate to allergic disease in vivo. Objective To compare clinical history, skin tests and specific IgE determinations with the results of nasal provocation tests (NPT) to confirm clinically relevant allergy to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DP) in patients with chronic rhinitis referred to a rhinologic surgical center. Methods Clinical data of 2,194 patients with chronic nasal disorders treated at two rhinologic referral centers between 1992 and 1998 were evaluated. Clinical allergy work-up was routinely performed corresponding to Germa…
Effectiveness of omalizumab in patients 50 years and older with severe persistent allergic asthma.
2010
Omalizumab is approved for the treatment of severe allergic asthma.To compare the efficacy of omalizumab therapy in patients 50 years or older with patients younger than 50 years.Between November 2005 and November 2007 a total of 174 asthma patients 50 years or older (40.7% male, 51.1% taking oral corticosteroids, and mean [SD] serum IgE level of 315 [353] U/L) and 297 asthma patients younger than 50 years (40.0% male, 50.5% taking oral corticosteroids, and mean [SD] serum IgE level of 363 [431] U/L) who met the European Union criteria for add-on therapy with anti-IgE were treated prospectively with omalizumab for 4 months as part of 2 postmarketing surveillance trials.Compared with the pre…
Omalizumab provides long-term control in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma.
2002
The ability of omalizumab, an anti-immnoglobulin-E agent, to maintain long-term disease control in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma was investigated in a 24-week double-blind extension to a 28-week core trial. During the extension, 483 of the initial 546 patients were maintained on randomised treatment and the lowest sustainable dose of beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) as established during the steroid-reduction phase of the core trial. The use of concomitant asthma medication was permitted and investigators were allowed to adjust the BDP dose or switch patients from BDP to other asthma medications if deemed necessary. More omalizumab-treated patients (33.5%) than placebo-t…
Response to Anti-human IgE in Human Pulmonary Arteries: Regulation by Endothelium
1993
Initial reports concerning anaphylactic reactions in the lung have demonstrated that histamine is released, and this mediator may be responsible for the severe hypotension observed in vivo in sensitized animals. However, those mechanisms involved in the antigen-vascular interactions have not been elucidated. Human isolated pulmonary arterial preparations relaxed when challenged with anti-human IgE (a-IgE). This response was associated with a release of histamine and PGI2. Both the relaxation and the release of PGI2 were attenuated by removal of the endothelium or by prior treatment of the tissues with chlorpheniramine. Indomethacin also significantly reduced the relaxations produced by a-Ig…
Zur Immunpathogenese des Asthma bronchiale
2000
Allergic asthma is a chronic pulmonary disease associated with bronchoconstriction and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that mediator substances and proinflammatory cytokines produced by mast cells, eosinophils and T-lymphocytes appear to be important for the pathogenesis of asthma. These substances contribute both to the initiation and perpetuation of the disease. In particular, it has been shown that allergic asthma is associated with increased TH2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokine production that causes activation of eosinophils and T-cells and production of chemokines (e.g. eotaxin) by pulmonary fibroblasts. Based on recent advances in our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of as…
Against all odds: anti-IgE for intrinsic asthma?
2013
For many years, pathogenetic concepts and the results of clinical trials supported the view that anti-IgE treatment is specifically effective in allergic asthma. However, there is now growing clinical and mechanistic evidence suggesting that treatment with the anti-IgE antibody omalizumab can be effective in patients with intrinsic asthma. Therefore, large and well-controlled clinical trials with anti-IgE are urgently warranted in patients with intrinsic asthma. In addition, there is a need to find new biomarkers which can identify patients with asthma who respond to anti-IgE treatment.
Omalizumab as alternative to chronic use of oral corticosteroids in severe asthma.
2019
Systemic/oral corticosteroids (OCS) have been used for decades in the management of acute asthma exacerbations and chronically in patients with uncontrolled severe asthma. However, while OCS are effective at treating acute exacerbations, there is only empirical evidence regarding the efficacy of OCS at reducing the rate of exacerbations. Evidence, although scarce, is suggestive of high exacerbation rates in severe asthma patients even when receiving maintenance treatment with OCS. In addition, use of OCS is associated with undesirable effects. Despite all this, physicians have continued to use OCS for managing severe asthma and acute exacerbation due to the lack of availability of effective…
Rhinomanometry: point of care test (POCT) for allergic rhinitis in children?
2021
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem: its prevalence is 23% in Europe, although it is underestimated because as many as 45% of the cases remain undiagnosed. Globally, almost 500 million people suffer from AR, which shows its increasing incidences. The diagnostic course of AR is based on clinical history, supported by anterior rhinoscopy. This inspects the anterior part of the nasal cavity accompanied by allergic sensitivity tests (cutaneous allergic skin tests or specific immunoglobulin E levels). The availability of standardised diagnostic proceduresis able to provide objective evaluations of inflammatory situation, and the degree of nasal obstruction may give an advantage in …
Should atopy be assessed in elderly patients with respiratory symptoms suggestive of asthma?
2010
Aging is associated with modifications of the immune system and this could contribute to a reduced prevalence of allergic disease in the elderly. Atopy has rarely been considered in the clinical assessment of the geriatric respiratory patient. This article is a review of the available literature assessing the impact of age on atopy in the asthmatic patient. In the majority of papers, we found a lower prevalence of atopy in the most advanced ages, both in healthy subjects and in individuals affected by allergic respiratory diseases. No large, longitudinal studies performed in the general population have been conducted to confirm this observation. Although available data seem to favor the dec…
Efficacy and effectiveness of omalizumab in the treatment of childhood asthma
2018
Omalizumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds and inhibits free serum immunoglobulin E, a mediator involved in the clinical manifestations of allergic asthma. Evidence for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of moderate-to-severe allergic asthma is based primarily on studies in adolescents and adults. However, there is increasing evidence of its utility in children with allergic asthma aged 6-12 years. Areas covered: This article reviews efficacy, safety, and effectiveness of omalizumab in the treatment of moderate-to-severe allergic asthma in children aged 6-12 years in clinical trials and in studies in clinical practice. Pharmacoeconomic aspects of its use among this population and …