Search results for "Implicit learning"

Effect of Context on the Perception of Pitch Structures

2006

Implicit Learning of Regularities in Western Tonal Music by Self-Organization

2001

Western tonal music is a highly structured system whose regularities are implicitly learned in everyday life. A hierarchical self-organizing network simulates learning of tonal regularities by mere exposure to musical material. The trained network provides a parsimonious account of empirical findings on perceived tone, chord and key relationships and suggests activation as a unifying mechanism underlying a range of cognitive tasks.

RECURRENT SELF-ORGANIZATION OF SENSORY SIGNALS IN THE AUDITORY DOMAIN

2008

In this study, a psychoacoustical and connectionist modeling framework is proposed for the investigation of musical cognition. It is suggested that music perception involves the manipulation of 1) sensory representations that have correlations with psychoacoustical features of the stimulus, and 2) abstract representations of the statistical regularities underlying a particular musical syntax. In the implicit learning domain, sensory features have been shown to interact with the processes involved in the extraction of the regularities governing musical events combinations in a stream [e.g., 1]. Furthermore, in a more ecological context, it is well known that traditional Western tonal system …

Implicit learning shapes new conscious percepts and representations

1997

We present here the lineaments of a new account of implicit learning, an account that does not rely on the notion of “implicit knowledge.” In this account, improved performance depends on the action of unconscious mechanisms that structure the phenomenal, conscious experience of the world. This integrative view makes groundless the search for dissociations between conscious and unconscious influences that has been at the core of the research on implicit learning and memory. We contrast this view, on the one hand, to Dienes and Berry’s (1997) proposal, which defines implicit learning by analogy with subliminal perception, and, on the other, to Neal and Hesketh’s (1997) episodic account, in w…

Apprentissage implicite de régularités : Mise en évidence d'une différence d'apprentissage entre tâches motrices continues et discrètes

2005

This research is concerned with the implicit learning of regularities in continuous motor tasks (e.g., tracking tasks) and discrete tasks (e.g., Serial Reaction Time tasks). First, a reanalysis of Wulf and collaborator's studies, dealing with implicit motor learning, made it possible to highlight methodological problems and potential biases that provide alternative explanations for the apparent implicit learning obtained in their continuous tracking experiments. Indeed, by respecting a more rigorous methodology, it appears that it is quite difficult to obtain such learning in a continuous task. This led us to try to understand why it was easier to draw benefit from a repetition in a discret…

Auditory Training in Deaf Children

2010

Deaf children are, earlier than in the past, identified and can benefit of new and highperformance devices (as cochlear implants or digital hearing aids). However, a great variability in their spoken language skills is observed (12) and first attributable to the well-known effect of the age of auditory rehabilitation (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22). The second assessment concerns the way speech disorders are treated: new technologies are not linked to any change in the way speech therapy is delivered, particularly in the field of auditory training. Auditory training constitutes an important part of the speech therapy addressed to the deaf children and must start as soon as possible. The go…

New Challenges to Motivate Remedial EFL Students to Read Extensively

2012

Although one of the keys to improving language ability lies in the continuous and prolonged exposure to the target language, providing learners with the opportunities in the EFL environment is not easy. For Japanese learners of English, in fact, the amount of input of English is severely limited. Additionally, it is hard for them to keep motivating themselves to study English as the use of the language is often not requisite in the society. This paper explains that extensive reading (ER) is an effective method for learners with low proficiency and poor motivation to learn English, provided that Start with Simple Stories (SSS) and Sustained Silent Reading (SSR) methods are guaranteed (Takase…

Tacit tonality - Implicit learning of context-free harmonic structure

2009

Musical knowledge, like native language knowledge, is largely implicit, being represented without awareness of its complex structures and incidentally acquired through interaction with a large number of samples. Two experiments explore implicit learning of hierarchical harmonic structures of different complexity employing an artificial grammar learning paradigm. The experiments consisted of an incidental learning phase using a distraction task, and a testing phase employing the process dissociation procedure paradigm (Jacoby, 1991). Participants performed significantly above chance and recognised adjacent and long-distance dependencies in both experiments. Confidence ratings and inclusion/e…

Learning from Implicit Learning Literature: Comment on Shea, Wulf, Whitacre, and Park (2001)

2003

International audience; In their analysis of complex motor skill learning, Shea, Wulf, Whitacre, and Park (2001) have overlooked one of the most robust conclusions of the experimental studies on implicit learning conducted during the last decade--namely that participants usually learn things that are different from those that the experimenter expected them to learn. We show that the available literature on implicit learning strongly suggests that the improved performance in Shea et al.'s Experiments 1 and 2 (and similar earlier experiments, e.g., Wulf & Schmidt, 1997) was due to the exploitation of regularities in the target pattern different from those on which the postexperimental intervi…