Search results for "In vitro"

Arabidopsis TCP Transcription Factors Interact with the SUMO Conjugating Machinery in Nuclear Foci

2017

In Arabidopsis more than 400 proteins have been identified as SUMO targets, both in vivo and in vitro. Among others, transcription factors (TFs) are common targets for SUMO conjugation. Here we aimed to exhaustively screen for TFs that interact with the SUMO machinery using an arrayed yeast two-hybrid library containing more than 1,100 TFs. We identified 76 interactors that foremost interact with the SUMO conjugation enzyme SCE1 and/or the SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1. These interactors belong to various TF families, which control a wide range of processes in plant development and stress signaling. Amongst these interactors, the TCP family was overrepresented with several TCPs interacting with diffe…

N-terminal hevein-like domains (4.3 kDa) but not 31 kDa endochitinases are responsible for IgE-mediated in vitro and in vivo reactions in latex-fruit…

2005

Evaluation of the protein and bioactive compound bioaccessibility/bioavailability and cytotoxicity of the extracts obtained from aquaculture and fish…

2020

Bioavailability, bioaccessibility, bioactivity and cytotoxicity define if a bioactive compound obtained from aquaculture and associated by-products can be assimilated and used for the body in a safe and efficient way. Four models are used to evaluate the bioavailability: in vitro (simulated gastrointestinal digestion using intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell cultures); ex vivo (gastrointestinal organs or organoids in laboratory conditions); in situ (intestinal perfusion in animals) and in vivo (animal studies and human studies). In vitro models are very effective, predicting in vivo actions since they evaluate multiple conditions regardless physiological effects. However, in vivo systems are …

2021

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors have become a central part of modern targeted cancer therapy. However, their curative potential is distinctly limited by both rapid resistance development and severe adverse effects. Consequently, tumor-specific drug activation based on prodrug designs, exploiting tumor-specific properties such as hypoxic oxygen conditions, is a feasible strategy to widen the therapeutic window. After proof-of-principal molecular docking studies, we have synthesized two cobalt(iii) complexes using a derivative of the clinically approved Abelson (ABL) kinase and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor ponatinib. Acetylacetone (acac) or methylacetylacetone (Meaca…

Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuronal Networks:Their Electrical Functionality and Usability for Modelling and Toxicology

2011

Micro electrode array (MEA)-based platforms have been used to study neuronal networks for decades. The used cells have, for the most part, been rodent primary neurons. The gained knowledge has indeed increased the understanding of neuronal network development and maturation both in vitro and in vivo. If aiming to understand the development of human brain, however, the used cell type should preferably be of human origin due to difficult interpolation from the rodent cell data. In addition, the development of functional human neuronal networks would open up a new era for, e.g., toxicology testing, drug screening and disease modelling. The use of MEA with bioelectrically active cells was first…

Ligand density on nanoparticles: A parameter with critical impact on nanomedicine

2019

Nanoparticles modified with ligands for specific targeting towards receptors expressed on the surface of target cells are discussed in literature towards improved delivery strategies. In such concepts the ligand density on the surface of the nanoparticles plays an important role. How many ligands per nanoparticle are best for the most efficient delivery? Importantly, this number may be different for in vitro and in vivo scenarios. In this review first viruses as "biological" nanoparticles are analyzed towards their ligand density, which is then compared to the ligand density of engineered nanoparticles. Then, experiments are reviewed in which in vitro and in vivo nanoparticle delivery has b…

Disclosing the actual efficiency of G-quadruplex-DNA–disrupting small molecules

2020

AbstractThe quest for small molecules that avidly bind to G-quadruplex-DNA (G4-DNA, or G4), so called G4-ligands, has invigorated the G4 research field from its very inception. Massive efforts have been invested to i- screen or design G4-ligands, ii- evaluate their G4-interacting properties in vitro through a series of now widely accepted and routinely implemented assays, and iii- use them as unique chemical biology tools to interrogate cellular networks that might involve G4s. In sharp contrast, only uncoordinated efforts at developing small molecules aimed at destabilizing G4s have been invested to date, even though it is now recognized that such molecular tools would have tremendous appl…

Surface-modified 3D starch-based scaffold for improved endothelialization for bone tissue engineering

2009

Providing adequate vascularization is one of the main hurdles to the widespread clinical application of bone tissue engineering approaches. Due to their unique role in blood vessel formation, endothelial cells (EC) play a key role in the establishment of successful vascularization strategies. However, currently available polymeric materials do not generally support EC growth without coating with adhesive proteins. In this work we present argon plasma treatment as a suitable method to render the surface of a 3D starch-based scaffold compatible for ECs, this way obviating the need for protein pre-coating. To this end we studied the effect of plasma modification on surface properties, protein …

2020

AbstractDeveloping methods for accurate detection of RNA modifications remains a major challenge in epitranscriptomics. Next-generation sequencing-based mapping approaches have recently emerged but, often, they are not quantitative and lack specificity. Pseudouridine (ψ), produced by uridine isomerization, is one of the most abundant RNA modification. ψ mapping classically involves derivatization with soluble carbodiimide (CMCT), which is prone to variation making this approach only semi-quantitative. Here, we developed ‘HydraPsiSeq’, a novel quantitative ψ mapping technique relying on specific protection from hydrazine/aniline cleavage. HydraPsiSeq is quantitative because the obtained sign…

Biofilm-detached cells, a transition from a sessile to a planktonic phenotype: a comparative study of adhesion and physiological characteristics in P…

2008

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium widely investigated for its high incidence in clinical environments and its ability to form strong biofilms. During biofilm development, sessile cells acquire physiological characteristics differentiating them from planktonic cells. But after treatment with disinfectants, or to ensure survival of the species in hostile environments, biofilm cells can detach. This complicates disinfection procedures. This study aimed to physiologically characterize cells detached from a P. aeruginosa biofilm and to compare them with their sessile and planktonic counterparts. We first tested planktonic growth kinetics and capacities to form new biofilms. Then w…