Search results for "InVEST"
showing 10 items of 2596 documents
Competitive Industry Dynamics with Constant Costs
1998
This paper integrates investment and production decisions in a dynamic model of a competitive industry where producers, facing a technology involving fixed input–output coefficients, employ quantity adjustment rules. Whether complex dynamic price behaviour is consistent with producers breaking-even over time is explored. The proportion of costs which are sunk through investment is shown to have a potentially dramatic impact on the price dynamics. The implications of an alternative hypothesis— that producers ‘normally’ use their avail able capacities and only do otherwise if events are sufficiently dramatic—are explored
Neoclassical Growth, Environment and Technological Change: The Environmental Kuznets Curve
2009
The paper investigates socially optimal patterns of economic growth and environmental quality in a neoclassical growth model with endogenous technological progress. In the model, the environmental quality affects positively not only to utility but also to production. However, cleaner technologies can be used in the economy whether a part of the output is used in environmentally oriented R&D. In this framework, if the initial level of capital is low then the shadow price of a cleaner technology is low relative to the cost of developing it given by the marginal utility of consumption and it is not worth investing in R&D. Thus, there will be a first stage of growth based only on the accumulati…
Sharing R&D investments in cleaner technologies to mitigate climate change
2014
This paper examines international cooperation on technological development as an alternative to international cooperation on GHG emission reductions. It is assumed that when countries cooperate they coordinate their investments so as to minimize the agreement costs of controlling emissions and that they also pool their R&D efforts so as to fully internalize the spillover effects of their investments in R&D. In order to analyze the scope of cooperation, an agreement formation game is solved in three stages. First, countries decide whether or not to sign the agreement. Then, in the second stage, signatories (playing together) and non-signatories (playing individually) select their investment …
Investing for the Long Run
2017
This paper studies long term investing by an investor that maximizes either expected utility from terminal wealth or from consumption. We introduce the concepts of a generalized stochastic discount factor (SDF) and of the minimum price to attain target payouts. The paper finds that the dynamics of the SDF needs to be captured and not the entire market dynamics, which simplifies significantly practical implementations of optimal portfolio strategies. We pay particular attention to the case where the SDF is equal to the inverse of the growth-optimal portfolio in the given market. Then, optimal wealth evolution is closely linked to the growth optimal portfolio. In particular, our concepts allo…
Incentive Properties of Residual Income when There is an Option to Wait
2005
Performance measures based on residual income are increasingly popular. The academic literature shows that residual income has important incentive properties when management bases investment decisions on the net present value (NPV) rule. My analysis focuses on the case in which investment decisions can be postponed, when management must extend the simple NPV rule by considering an option value. My analysis shows that some important incentive properties of residual income still hold when there is an option to wait, but only when the residual income measure is correctly adjusted. I also provide an incentive-based explanation of why the capital charge rate within firms is often significantly h…
Harvesting and recovery decisions under uncertainty
2010
Abstract A stochastic forest rotation model in the Faustmann tradition is presented and exemplified. The model combines harvesting decisions with the potential to recover or clean up to restore the land after very unfavorable evolutions of the stochastic growth process. Uncertainty is shown to have a generally ambiguous effect on the optimal choice of investment strategy. It is also shown how such models can be related to theory of optimal inventory control.
Only Pricing Policy Matters
2017
This paper aims to determine which factors affect e-commerce conversion rate, which is the relationship between website visitors and purchasers.
Welfare, Home Market Effects, and Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment
2005
We investigate the spatial distribution and organization of an imperfectly competitive industry when firms may choose to operate more than a single production unit. Focusing on a short-run setting with a fixed mass of firms, we fully characterize the spatial equilibria analytically. Comparing the equilibrium and the first-best, we show that both organizational and spatial inefficiencies may arise. In particular, when fixed costs are low enough the market outcome may well lead to overinvestment and, therefore, to too many multinationals operating from a social point of view. Furthermore, once multinationals are taken into account, the market outcome may well lead too little agglomeration.
Adjustment costs, uncertainty, and the theory of investment: the case of non-renewable natural resources
1992
Abstract This paper examines the effects of mineral price and extraction cost uncertainty on the investment program of a competitive resource-extracting industry that faces convex costs of adjustment. The results show that depletion of mineral reserves will slow down if the marginal adjustment cost function is concave or linear, whereas the effect will be ambiguous if the function is convex.
Emission Taxes, Feed-in Subsidies and the Investment in a Clean Technology by a Polluting Monopoly
2019
The paper studies the use of emission taxes and feed-in subsidies for the regulation of a monopoly that can produce the same good with a technology that employs a polluting input and a clean technology. The second-best tax and subsidy are calculated solving a two-stage policy game between the regulator and the monopoly with the regulator acting as the leader of the game. We find that the second-best tax rate is the Pigouvian tax. The tax implements the efficient level of the dirty output but does not affect the total output. On the other hand, the subsidy leads to the monopoly to reduce the dirty output but also to increase the total output. This increase in total output may yield a larger …