Search results for "Income"

Un approccio ordinale alla misurazione delle grandezze sociali: un’analisi empirica

2006

Stima di un immobile a destinazione alberghiera

2010

The Effects of Fiscal Redistribution

2016

Every discussion on income distribution and inequality distinguishes between market income, namely income before tax and without transfers, and disposable, or net income, which is after tax and including transfers. Hence, taxation and transfers create a redistribution of income. This redistribution is usually progressive, as direct taxes and subsidies are progressive, and thus it is supposed to reduce inequality, in the transition from market income to disposable income. This paper focuses on measuring the effect of fiscal policy in income redistribution and in reducing inequality. It also examines which type of fiscal policy is most strongly related to the redistribution of income, are the…

When Aiyagari meets Piketty: Growth, Inequality and Capital Shares

2021

We incorporate the division of income between capital and labor into analysis on the relationship between inequality and growth. Using historical data, we document that changes in the top 1 % income shares are positively associated with subsequent growth of per capita GDP when the capital share of income is low, whereas under high capital share, the association is negative. We show that these findings are compatible with a theoretical analysis that emphasises how changes in the distribution of income translate into the accumulation of capital and overall economic activity through the interplay between precautionary saving motives and consumption smoothing. We also investigate how accounting…

Housing Affordability and Income-threshold in Social Housing Policy

2016

Abstract The issue of affordable housing has again become crucial in ensuring a greater social equity, increasing social cohesion and reducing inequalities within metropolitan or regional systems which, in the current climate of severe economic crisis, have to respond to global challenges of development, innovation and sustainability. This study aims at building a system of knowledge about the housing affordability on the territorial scale, by which to identify the local characteristics of housing problems that could be solved through traditional planning tools or new practices of social housing, which involves private stakeholders and/or public administrations. This system of knowledge sho…

What Explains the Long-term Evolution of Regional Income Inequality in Spain?

2018

This chapter analyses the proximate causes of territorial inequality. To do this per-capita income inequality is broken down into elements related to differences in regional labour markets and elements linked to the presence of differences in labour productivity between regions. Then the factors that determine these differences in productivity are examined by carrying out a number of quantitative exercises to see whether or not they are in some way connected to the territories’ different production structures or whether they are due to the different levels of productivity registered by each sector on a regional scale. This set of exercises shows which of the potential explanatory factors wa…

The legal origin of income inequality

2014

The legal origin movement is implicitly functionalist, while it explicitly prioritizes economic dimensions of development. From this perspective, the empirical findings presented in this paper seem to uncover the existence of a paradox. On the one hand, common law countries are apparently characterized by countless advantages, yet they do not grow faster than civil law countries. On the other hand, common law countries present a more unequal distribution of income, thus suggesting that also from a static perspective there is no a priori reason to prefer a common law system. To further investigate this paradox, we analyze if common law countries are at least characterized by a better kind (e…

Scratching Beneath the Surface: Distribution Dynamics

2018

This chapter explores how regional inequality has evolved in terms of mobility and persistence. Different statistical methods are used to determine whether there has been a general trend whereby the richest regions have maintained their position over time or whether, on the contrary, any relevant changes can be seen in the positions occupied by the various regions in terms of income levels per capita. The results allow identifying stories of relative success or failure among Spanish regions, discover when exactly these changes were most frequent, and then construct hypotheses about the economic and institutional conditions which led to the biggest changes in the map of regional inequality i…

The Effect on Inequality of Changing One or Two Incomes

2003

We examine the effect on inequality of increasing one income, and show that for two wide classes of indices a benchmark income level or position exists, dividing upper from lower incomes, such that if a lower income is raised, inequality falls, and if an upper income is raised, inequality rises. We provide a condition on the inequality orderings implicit in two inequality indices under which the one has a lower benchmark than the other for all unequal income distributions. We go on to examine the effect on the same indices of simultaneously increasing one income and decreasing another higher up the distribution, deriving results which quantify the extent of the "bucket leak" which can be to…

The impact of cultural and creative industries on the wealth of countries, regions and municipalities

2021

[EN] This paper compares the total impact of cultural and creative industries (CCIs) on per capita income of countries, regions and municipalities. We estimate the total effects of CCIs in 78 developed and developing countries in 5 continents, in 275 European regions and in 518 municipalities in the European region of Valencia, using data obtained from multiple databases and nonparametric local linear least squares. The average effects of CCIs are positive in the three territorial scales, in both low- and high-income locations, and increase in conjunction with increases in development, with high and very high developed places showing greater impacts. CCIs are, thus, a powerful resource for …