Search results for "Income"
showing 10 items of 538 documents
Piero Sraffa's lectures on the advanced theory of value 1928–31 and the rediscovery of the classical approach
2005
Abstract Sraffa's Lectures on the Advanced Theory of Value 1928–1931 and his two preparatory Notes of summer and November 1927 provide a wealth of material, up to now unpublished, for a reconstruction of the early stage of his inquiry into the cognate fields of pure economic theory and its history. The three manuscripts show that in the late 1920s Sraffa rejected the Marshallian constant-cost interpretation of classical economics, an interpretation to which he had adhered in his 1925 and 1926 papers. Moreover, in the Lectures, Sraffa presents for the first time his own interpretation of classical economics based on the concepts of surplus, physical real costs and asymmetric treatment of dis…
Corporate income tax accounting in Spain: an empirical study
2012
Since the initial application in Spain of the tax effect accounting method based on the international accounting standards (IAS 12 income tax) in 1990, very few empirical studies have examined whether this method provides significant information for decision making. The paper analyses the fiscal information provided in the financial statements, evaluating the significance of the differences between the tax effect accounting method and the taxes payable method and establishing that this one might be acceptable in small companies.
Municipal Solid Waste Management in the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana
2003
Municipal solid waste management in Accra, Ghana, is at present delivered in an unsustainable manner. Due to uncontrolled urbanisation, large quantities of waste are generated daily in Accra, and this exerts much pressure on an over strained solid waste management system. Coupled with weak institutional capacity, and lack of resources, both human and capital, the city authorities face difficulties in ensuring that all the waste generated in the city is collected for disposal. Home collection of waste is limited to high and, some middle income areas while the poor are left to contend with the problem on their own. This leads to indiscriminate disposal of waste in surface drains, canals and s…
Comparisons Of Labour Productivity And Per Capita Income In The Nordic Countries (2000-2010)
2013
Due to increased international trade for the last decades and also increased labour and capital mobility, there has been increased interest in international comparisons of economic performance and living standard among countries. Economic performance for a country may be measured by average labour productivity while living standard is measured by production per capita. Differences in these figures among countries are determined by differences in the number of working hours per person per year and the share of the population that works. This approach gives us the opportunity to examine how living standard and economic performance are related. Labour productivity depends, in general, on the a…
Adaptive preferences: a remaining obstacle for basic income
2019
Resumen La renta básica proporciona a la ciudadanía una autonomía económica que se traduce en una libertad real para conducir sus vidas. Sin embargo, en este artículo defiendo que la renta básica no sería efectiva en situaciones de pobreza donde se generan preferencias adaptativas en las personas. Para mostrarlo analizaré las bases psicológicas del comportamiento de personas con preferencias adaptativas. A continuación, abordaré qué estrategias son las indicadas para revertir la situación de preferencias adaptativas. Implementar estas políticas permitirá que la renta básica pueda empoderar también a los más pobres. Abstract Basic income provides citizenship an economic autonomy which is tra…
Demographic aspects of aging
2021
Population aging is occurring in almost all developed countries, albeit with differences in timing and intensity. This unprecedented phenomenon is evident not only in the change in the population age structure, but also in the impressive increase in the average length of life. After describing past, current, and future population trends, this contribution presents theories explaining the reasons for this long-term process that is completely reshaping the age structure of the population. It also describes the inequalities in aging (focusing in particular on the differences by gender, education, and cause of death), and introduces some measures of the individual health and economic consequenc…
Aid for trade policy in developing and least developed countries: A GTAP simulation analysis
2011
Recent global initiatives on debt relief and development assistance call for increasing aid for trade to the poorest countries. We apply a multi-country computable general equilibrium model, to analyze if aid for trade offers the possibility that, instead of the developing and least developed countries’ being worse off—as so many were as the result of the last round of trade negotiations—they will actually be better off. Alternative aid for trade scenarios have been evaluated in terms of effectiveness and equity. Our findings show that aid for trade policies expand trade and alleviate inequalities. The developing and least developed countries will benefit mainly from aid for trade assistanc…
Patterns of inter- and intra-regional differences in human capital and earnings : Evidence from Finland and Sweden 1987–2015
2021
In this paper, we examine the long-term patterns of geographical disparities in human capital and income in Finland and Sweden over the period 1987–2015. Using nationwide longitudinal population register data, we analyze disparities at different spatial scales, between and within functional labor market regions determined by observed travel-to-work patterns. Contrary to the findings from many other developed economies indicating inter-regional divergence in per capita income, we find indications of inter-regional convergence in per capita earnings among the functional labor market regions in both countries after 2000. However, small, and peripheral regions have not recovered from the macroe…
Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
2021
The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhoo…
Psychic income associated with Shanghai tennis masters and residents’ attitude
2022
Using Shanghai Tennis Masters as an example, this study seeks to explore the psychic income associated with major sports events hosting and whether the psychic income would predict the attitudes of local residents toward events hosting. In addition, the moderating effect of sport involvement on the relationship between psychic income and attitude is also tested. In this study, a questionnaire survey is adopted. The structured questionnaire was developed based on 4 parts, including the demographics of the residents, involvement in the sport event, psychic income from the sport event, and their attitudes toward the sports event, there were 47 items in total. Data were collected from the local…