Search results for "Income"

Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

2020

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a rules-based synthesis of the available evidence on levels and trends in health outcomes, a diverse set of risk factors, and health system responses. GBD 2019 covered 204 countries and territories, as well as first administrative level disaggregations for 22 countries, from 1990 to 2019. Because GBD is highly standardised and comprehensive, spanning both fatal and non-fatal outcomes, and uses a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of hierarchical disease and injury causes, the study provides a powerful basis for detailed and broad insights on global health trends and emerging challenges. GBD …

FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE HEALTH SECTOR IN ROMANIA

2015

This paper comprises an assessment of the Romanian health financing policy and a detailed analysis of income and expenditure trends over the past seven years. The current situation of the health system is evaluated by reviewing the existing health legislation and documents on public health policies from Romania and from abroad, by analyzing the official statistics (the Romanian Yearbook of Health Statistics, Who database) and by performing a healthcare system financial analysis. Although the financial efforts of the Romanian state to support the health system have increased, almost all the incomes and expenditures of the health care system having recorded significant increases, the populati…

How the unbanked cope with financial exclusion: Evidence from Pakistan

2016

This article investigates both the coping strategies employed by low-income unbanked consumers in Pakistan and the consequences of those strategies. Qualitative data were gathered from low-income unbanked consumers through in-depth interviews. The findings suggest that unbanked consumers utilize their respective social networks and various market and personal resources to cope with financial exclusion. The utilization of social network resources to cope with financial exclusion typically enabled participants to fulfill their obligations in a positive manner and enhanced solidarity and trust among group members, whereas the use of market and personal resources tended to produce more negative…

Redditi immobiliari e contrasto all'evasione in Italia

2017

Negli ultimi anni Il legislatore è più volte intervenuto con riguardo alla tassazione ed all'accertamento dei proventi derivanti dalla locazione dei fabbricati, introducendo numerose norme, non sempre tra loro coordinate, dirette a scoraggiare l’evasione dell’imposta personale sul reddito, anche attraverso un apparato sanzionatorio capace di interferire, sotto il profilo civilistico, con la volontà negoziale espressa nel contratto dal proprietario-locatore e dal conduttore. La sovrapposizione degli interventi normativi ha tuttavia causato numerose difficoltà interpretative, non ancora definitivamente risolte nonostante le reiterate pronunce della Corte di legittimità e della Corte Costituzi…

Uwarunkowania i przejawy różnicowania modelu konsumpcji na Śląsku w latach 2004-2015

2017

Przedmiotem badań przedstawionych w artykule są długookresowe zmiany modelu konsumpcji na Śląsku, czyli w trzech województwach przygranicznych – śląskim, opolskim i dolnośląskim, a także identyfi kacja ważniejszych czynników warunkujących zróżnicowanie realizowanych przez gospodarstwa domowe modeli konsumpcji. W oparciu o dane z panelowych badań GUS budżetów gospodarstw domowych w latach 2004–2015 przeprowadzono ekonometryczną analizę wpływu na poziom i strukturę wydatków gospodarstw domowych oraz takich ich cech, jak poziom oraz główne źródło dochodów, miejsce zamieszkania, wiek czy wykształcenie osoby odniesienia (głowy domu). Przyjęto przy tym założenie, że o modelu konsumpcji można wnio…

Labour migration and wages

2001

Demographic and Economics Determinants of Differentiation of Consumption Model in Silesia in Poland in the Years 1994-2013

2016

The research presented in this article focuses on long-term changes in consumption patterns in Silesia, which covers three border provinces of Poland - Silesia, Opole Voivodship and Lower Silesia. The investigation concerns also identification of the most important factors determining differentiation of consumption patterns implemented by households in that region. Based on data of the Central Statistical Office in Warsaw coming from the panel research on households’ budgets in 2004-2013 there was conducted an econometric analysis of few characteristics of households (such as: the level and the main source of income, place of residence, age or educational level of reference person (leader o…

Inequality in Healthcare Utilization in Italy: How Important Are Barriers to Access?

2022

With the ageing population, equitable access to medical care has proven to be paramount for the effective and efficient management of all diseases. Healthcare access can be hindered by cost barriers for drugs or exams, long waiting lists or difficult access to the place where the needed healthcare service is provided. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether the probability of facing one of these barriers varies among individuals with different socio-economic status and care needs, controlling for geographical variability. Methods. The sample for this study included 9629 interviews with Italian individuals, aged 15 and over, from the second wave (2015) of the European Health Intervie…

Parenthood and gender inequality : Population-based evidence on the child penalty in Finland

2019

This study presents evidence on the effect of parenthood on labor market outcomes in Finland. We use population-based data drawn from administrative registers and an event study design centered around the birth of the first child using the specification proposed in Kleven et al. (2019b). The study confirms that women encounter large short- and long-term child penalties in gross labor earnings and that penalties are associated with employment participation. Taxes and social security transfers considerably reduce the child penalty, which also varies by the number of children. peerReviewed

Appropriate technology in a Solovian nonlinear growth model

2007

We propose a Solovian growth model with a convex-concave production function and international technological spillovers. We test the empirical implications of the model, analysing the effects of the productivity slowdown that followed the oil shocks of the 1970s. We argue that this slowdown, altering the world income distribution, affected the pattern of international technological spillovers, taking the poorest countries further away from the technological leaders, and therefore unable to exploit their technologies. The result is the emergence of a poverty trap for low-income countries.