Search results for "Income"
showing 10 items of 538 documents
The Economic Burden of Child Maltreatment in High Income Countries.
2015
Maltreatment is a common cause of children’s functional and emotional impairment. Costs for the society are high, as a substantial amount of resources have been allocated for various types of services connected to maltreatment of children. These include acute treatment, long-termcare, family rehabilitation programs, and judiciary activities.There is a long-lasting debate on how child abuse could be prevented or reduced. How can the costs of related services be contained? What is the role of pediatricians in such efforts? This article raises these important questions within the framework of the debate opened by the article by Gerber-Grote et al regarding the role of health economics in impro…
When Violence Can Appear With Different Male Partners: Identification of Resilient and Non-resilient Women in the European Union
2018
Introduction: Little scholarly attention has been paid to the analysis of the history of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women with different male partners and how it could be related to levels of IPV with the current male partner. From this point of view, been a victim of IPV could increase the vulnerability of women and, therefore, exert a negative influence on the selection of partners over time, thus increasing the odds of potentially mating with abusive male partners. Alternatively, for some women victims of IPV in previous relationships, there may be additional resources that reduce their vulnerability to victimization by new partners. Methodology: The present study analyzes l…
Is loneliness associated with mild cognitive impairment in low- and middle-income countries?
2021
Background: Loneliness may be a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment but studies on this topic are scarce, particularly from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the association between loneliness and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa). Methods: Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. The definition of MCI was based on the National Institute on Ageing-Alzheimer's Association criteria. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta-analysis were conducted t…
“Piero Sraffa’s Lectures on the Advanced Theory of Value 1928 - 1931 and the rediscovery of the classical approach”
2005
Sraffa's Lectures on the Advanced Theory of Value 1928–1931 and his two preparatory Notes of summer and November 1927 provide a wealth of material, up to now unpublished, for a reconstruction of the early stage of his inquiry into the cognate fields of pure economic theory and its history. The three manuscripts show that in the late 1920s Sraffa rejected the Marshallian constant-cost interpretation of classical economics, an interpretation to which he had adhered in his 1925 and 1926 papers. Moreover, in the Lectures, Sraffa presents for the first time his own interpretation of classical economics based on the concepts of surplus, physical real costs and asymmetric treatment of distributive…
Política económica y redistribución: hacia una nueva arquitectura “pre-distributiva” de la política de rentas
2020
El presente trabajo diseña una política de rentas que podríamos llamar “pre-distributiva”. Su principal objetivo es describir la arquitectura de una política de rentas amplia, que tendría, básicamente, tres pilares: a) el reforzamiento de la capacidad redistributiva de la negociación colectiva, b) el establecimiento de una “norma salarial redistributiva” coordinada a nivel europeo y c) el aumento del Salario Mínimo Interprofesional. Dicha política de rentas podría contribuir a una distribución más equitativa de las rentas primarias del trabajo.
European Integration and Inequality among Countries: A Lifecycle Income Analysis
2012
We analyze the effects of the expansions of the European Union on inequality using an approach based on individuals' lifecycle incomes. This allows us to consider the effect of different rates of growth and survival rates. This differs form the usual analyses of inequality that focus on the evolution of current per capita income for the period. Our results show that inequality in terms of permanent income was substantially less than in current per capita income at the time of all the expansions except those of the last ten years. The results point to the key role of policies that stimulate growth in the less developed countries. With an annual β-convergence of 2% in current income, inequali…
A global perspective on effectiveness of aid for trade
2013
Recent global initiatives on debt relief and development assistance call for increasing aid for trade to the poorest countries. The paper applies a multi-country computable general equilibrium model to measure the effectiveness of alternative aid for trade categories. The findings show that aid for trade policies expand trade and alleviate international income inequalities in the recipient countries, that will benefit mainly from aid for trade adjustment and technical assistance.
Revisiting “Schumacker”: Source, Residence and Citizenship in the ECJ Case Law on Direct Taxation
2013
ECJ case law on direct taxation has been very important in the development of the international dimension of direct tax systems of EU Member States. Through the application of the non-discrimination principle and the requirements of the fundamental freedoms, some of the basic structures of the implementation of income tax systems have been revised to accommodate to the needs of the single market. However, the requirements of the EU single market are fundamentally incompatible with the assumptions that have served to build the criteria under which modern income tax systems have been developed (worldwide income taxation, residence vs source, unlimited vs limited tax liability, credit vs exemp…
Demographic change, tourism expenditure and life cycle behavior
2015
Abstract The paper explores how demographic changes in human populations may impact on tourism decision-making of households over their life cycle. By means of hurdle models, the study focuses respectively on the decision to travel domestically or abroad and investigates if statistically significant differences exist as to the impact of age and cohort on the decision to travel and tourism expenditure. Using a vast dataset on Italian Household Expenditures over the period 1997–2007 the empirical results show that demographic aspects do have a strong effect on the tourism behaviour of families and that cohort and age effects act differently on the decision of households to make a trip and on …
Progressive consumption tax, minimum consumption, and inequality
2020
Abstract In this note, we study the effects of a progressive consumption tax on wealth and consumption inequality in a model economy featuring minimum consumption. We show that increasing the lower and upper bounds of the progressive tax rate reduces wealth and consumption inequality in the long run but is not sufficient. The lower and upper bounds must not exceed the thresholds, which are decreasing functions of minimum consumption. The result is useful for empirical studies of the redistribution of wealth and consumption.