Search results for "Indigenous"
showing 10 items of 176 documents
LES DISCRIMINATIONS A L'EMBAUCHE DANS LA SPHERE PUBLIQUE : EFFETS RESPECTIFS DE L'ADRESSE ET DE L'ORIGINE
2016
Cette étude évalue la discrimination dans l’accès à l’emploi dans trois professions présentes à la fois dans le secteur privé et dans la Fonction Publique. Deux dimensions sont examinées : l’effet de la réputation du lieu de résidence et l’effet de l’origine maghrébine. Elle est réalisée sur données expérimentales de testing réalisé dans trois professions en tension pour lesquelles la discrimination devrait a priori être très réduite : les responsables administratifs de catégorie A, les techniciens de maintenance de catégorie B et les aides soignantes de catégorie C. Pour chaque profession, nous avons construit 3 profils fictifs de candidats à l’emploi similaires en tout point à l’exception…
Spatial interaction in Sámiland: Regulative and transitory chronotopes in the dynamic multilingual landscape of an indigenous Sámi village
2013
Using the example of the linguistic landscape of an indigenous Sámi village in northern Scandinavia, this article explores multilingualism in public signs located in public spaces of the village. Based on long-standing ethnographic and discourse analytical research on multilingualism in the spaces and practices in the peripheral locality of Sámiland, I will focus on the temporal and spatial dimensions of the signs. In this, Bakhtin’s concept of the chronotope is applied. Two chronotopes are identified and examined with regard to language change, mobility and multilingualism in public spaces. It is argued that linguistic landscapes often highlight spatial normativity and creativity, as well…
Multilingual dynamics in Sámiland: Rhizomatic discourses on changing language
2013
Multilingualism in indigenous language communities brings forth tensions and creativity related to language change. In this article, taking dynamic multilingual indigenous Sámi language practices as a focus of ethnographic and discourse analytical research, I examine rhizomatic discourses on changing language in multilingual Sámi spaces. Based on longitudinal research on multilingualism in Sámiland, I will argue that the interlinked discourses of endangerment, commodification and carnivalisation simultaneously circulate across Sámi spaces, and structure language practices and experiences. Furthermore, multilingual dynamics can lead to both contestation and creativity in language practices,…
Investing in indigenous multilingualism in the Arctic
2018
Abstract This article explores the dynamics between language and identity categories and the boundaries produced in a changing multilingual, indigenous context in the Arctic region of Finland. In this moment of transition, indigenous multilingualism has high stakes. It can be a resource for political and economic development but also for management and regimentation, open to winners and losers. Drawing on a longitudinal critical discourse ethnography of producing language and identity categories in the Finnish Arctic, I discuss three circulating discourses relevant for the ways in which indigenous identity boundaries are made to matter, namely strategic, aspirational and affective multiling…
Commodifying Sami culture in an indigenous tourism site
2014
Cultural tourism has become an alternative economic activity in many indigenous sites, and local tourist providers compete globally by commodifying their culture in an efficient, attractive manner. This process is not however a straightforward one, because of the need to manage both the multilingual context and the interaction between host and tourists, and this can lead to tensions for all parties. We examine a Reindeer Farm in the indigenous language space of Samiland. Based on a long-term ethnography, we identify different scripts which are used within the tourist encounter to pre-empt and manage tensions around the legitimacy of the host, the collusion and cooperation between host and t…
Multimodal literacy practices in the indigenous Sámi classroom: Children navigating in a complex multilingual setting.
2013
This article explores multimodal literacy practices in a transforming multilingual context of an indigenous and endangered Sami language classroom. Looking at literacy practices as embedded in a complex and shifting terrain of language ideologies, language norms, and individual experiences and attitudes, we examined how multilingual Sami children navigate and appropriate meaning-making resources available for them while designing their own picture books. We adopted a discourse ethnographic approach to analyse these multimodal picture books and found three different but interrelated orientations to the making of the books, each organising and valuing multimodal resources in his or her own wa…
Frozen actions in the Arctic linguistic landscape: a nexus analysis of language processes in visual space
2011
Abstract This article examines the linguistic landscape (LL) of seven villages above the Arctic Circle, in the region called North Calotte. The area forms a complex nexus of contested and changing multilingualism, particularly as regards to endangered indigenous Sami languages and Kven and Meankieli minority languages. Viewing LL as a discursively constructed space and consequently signs as ‘frozed actions’ by various actors, and by adopting a Nexus analytical approach we examine three interrelated aspects of Arctic LLs: (1) the synchronic aspect by addressing the question of how languages are used in the landscapes of northern villages in the year 2008; (2) the historical aspect through id…
Mustan auringon paketti
2015
Black Sun Package. Myths and Melancholy in Irene Larsen’s Collection Sortsolsafari In this article, I analyse how the Sami poet Irene Larsen rewrites Sami oral tradition and mythology in her collection Sortsolsafari (2013, “Black Sun Safari”). I discuss how Larsen’s work differs from the mainstream of contemporary Sami poetry and other indigenous literatures. Sortsolsafari has postmodernist features, which seldom are found in Sami literature. Larsen situates mythological elements in present-day reality: a Sami goddess uses a sewing machine and a shaman logs on to the Internet. These anachronisms create a comical effect. Instead of nostalgia and anti-colonialism, which traditionally characte…
Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe
2015
We generated genome-wide data from 69 Europeans who lived between 8,000-3,000 years ago by enriching ancient DNA libraries for a target set of almost four hundred thousand polymorphisms. Enrichment of these positions decreases the sequencing required for genome-wide ancient DNA analysis by a median of around 250-fold, allowing us to study an order of magnitude more individuals than previous studies and to obtain new insights about the past. We show that the populations of western and far eastern Europe followed opposite trajectories between 8,000-5,000 years ago. At the beginning of the Neolithic period in Europe, ~8,000-7,000 years ago, closely related groups of early farmers appeared in G…
Review: Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori.
2020
This review summarizes the recent knowledge on the epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori and the potential modes of transmission. In addition to English language publications, the authors have included original full-text publications from Russia and Latin America published in the original languages. High H pylori prevalence has been reported in Russia, Jordan, Iran, China, and Latin American countries as well as in Arctic populations in Canada. Indigenous inhabitants in the Arctic were found to be infected substantially more frequently than non-indigenous inhabitants. In Amsterdam, the Netherlands, the ethnic minority groups were at a significantly higher risk of being H pylori seropositive c…