Search results for "Individual difference"
showing 10 items of 68 documents
The Decision Making Tendency Inventory: A new measure to assess maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing
2015
Abstract We introduce the Decision Making Tendency Inventory (DMTI), a new scale for measuring the decision-making tendencies to maximize, to satisfice, and to minimize. The scale has promising psychometric properties. Our findings show that the revealed tendencies are independent from each other and from the specific decision-making domain. Each factor is differently related to a set of indices of well-being and functioning, suggesting intriguing considerations regarding the distinctive characteristics of maximizing, satisficing, and minimizing. The DMTI extends previous research on maximizing and might contribute to explain the inconsistent results in the literature. Directions for future…
Learning strategies explaining differences in reading proficiency. Findings of Nordic and Baltic countries in PISA 2009
2015
Abstract There are useful metacognitive learning strategies improving learning results significantly. Students can be trained to use them to achieve a higher level of proficiency in different academic domains, including reading. The current study was aimed to discover how student awareness and use of learning strategies explains differences in reading literacy test results, using PISA (the Program for International Student Assessment) 2009 data of three Nordic and three Baltic countries. The student level differences appeared partly due to the differences between schools, in the Baltic countries more than in the Nordic countries, which is considered a concern in the countries stating the eq…
Switching spatial scale reveals dominance-dependent social foraging tactics in a wild primate.
2017
When foraging in a social group, individuals are faced with the choice of sampling their environment directly or exploiting the discoveries of others. The evolutionary dynamics of this trade-off have been explored mathematically through the producer-scrounger game, which has highlighted socially exploitative behaviours as a major potential cost of group living. However, our understanding of the tight interplay that can exist between social dominance and scrounging behaviour is limited. To date, only two theoretical studies have explored this relationship systematically, demonstrating that because scrounging requires joining a competitor at a resource, it should become exclusive to high-rank…
“Does English make you nervous?” Anxiety profiles of CLIL and non-CLIL students in Sweden
2015
This study aims to explore the relationship between Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) vs. non-CLIL students and language learning anxiety. As part of a larger research project, this study is conducted at the high school level in Sweden and includes students enrolled in CLIL programs (N=109) and non-CLIL programs (N=68) at three different schools. While both CLIL and non-CLIL groups study English as a separate subject, the difference between the two groups is that part of the curriculum is taught through the medium of English in the CLIL programs. The participants completed the Swedish version of the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) (Horwitz, Horwitz & Cope 1986…
Editorial: Face Perception across the Life-Span
2016
Taste receptors to L-glutamate
2007
National audience
The Development of Generativity in Middle Adulthood and the Beginning of Late Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study from Age 42 to 61
2023
AbstractPrevious studies have yielded mixed results regarding the development of generativity during adulthood. Longitudinal data were utilized to investigate the average development of generativity between the ages of 42 and 61 as well as individual differences in terms of its development. The study used data from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS) (initial N = 369). The data consisted of 291 individuals whose generativity scores, measured using the Generativity Scale, were available at age 42, 50, or 61. Rasch analysis was utilized to form a generativity measure. The development of generativity between the measurements was investigated in women a…
Individual differences in affective and cognitive processing of musical pitch
2012
Musical pitch processing has been studied extensively, but rarely in the context of affective pitch processing, or of individual differences in pitch processing. In this study, participants answered surveys measuring personality and empathy dimensions. They then listened to tonal chord sequences to determine whether they sounded correct or incorrect, and whether they sounded happy or sad, while electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. The last chord of each sequence could be either incorrect (containing one note which is out of tune) or correct (containing no such mistuning), and affective content was varied by having sequences resolve in major and minor modes. Personality dimension agreeab…
Psychophysiological stress response and coping styles to an acute laboratory stressor in healthy adults
2015
Para ahondar en la respuesta de estrés en humanos, tenemos que tener en cuenta la gran complejidad que nos caracteriza en comparación a otras especies. En humanos, los mecanismos fisiológicos involucrados en la respuesta de estrés están continuamente interactuando con las demandas del entorno, pero los factores que contribuyen a largo plazo en la adaptación de los desafíos del ambiente que nos rodea, son los factores sociales, conductuales y cognitivos. Además, deben ser consideradas las diferencias en la respuesta afectiva, cognitiva y en personalidad, así como, la edad, el sexo/género, o las hormonas sexuales. Teniendo en cuenta la literatura previa, el objetivo central de esta tesis es c…