Search results for "Individuals"

showing 10 items of 99 documents

On the current neuroenhancement use of transcranial direct current stimulation by healthy individuals—A non-fictional snap-shot: Commentary on Lapent…

2014

This commentary examines the pros and cons of the fictitious enhancement scenarios used in Lapenta et al. 2014. Then it gives a non-fictional impression of the current self-enhancement use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) by healthy individuals and discusses the ethical issues involved.

Neuropsychology and Physiological PsychologyEthical issuesTranscranial direct-current stimulationGeneral Neurosciencemedicine.medical_treatmentShot (filmmaking)Healthy individualsmedicineNeuroenhancementCurrent (fluid)PsychologyCognitive psychologyPsychology & Neuroscience
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and composition of intertidal and subtidal communities

2018

Rising atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are causing surface seawater pH and carbonate ion concentrations to fall in a process known as ocean acidification. To assess the likely ecological effects of ocean acidification we compared intertidal and subtidal marine communities at increasing levels of pCO2 at recently discovered volcanic seeps off the Pacific coast of Japan (34° N). This study region is of particular interest for ocean acidification research as it has naturally low levels of surface seawater pCO2 (280–320 µatm) and is located at a transition zone between temperate and sub-tropical communities. We provide the first assessment of ocean acidification effects at a biogeo…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)SalinityTemperateBicarbonate ion standard deviationCommunity composition and diversityAlkalinity total standard deviationinorganicAlkalinityCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018)Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater standard deviationExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateNorth PacificAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Carbon dioxide standard deviationTemperature water standard deviationEarth System ResearchField observationstandard deviationCalcite saturation stateCoverageFugacity of carbon dioxide in seawaterwaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteRocky-shore communityAragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationCalcite saturation state standard deviationBicarbonate ionTypeCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Partial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationIndividualsCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationCarbonate ion standard deviationCalculated using seacarb after Orr et al 2018Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideEntire communityRocky shore communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelf
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Seawater carbonate chemistry and community structure of marine biofouling communities

2018

Ocean acidification may have far-reaching consequences for marine community and ecosystem dynamics, but its full impacts remain poorly understood due to the difficulty of manipulating pCO2 at the ecosystem level to mimic realistic fluctuations that occur on a number of different timescales. It is especially unclear how quickly communities at various stages of development respond to intermediate-scale pCO2 change and, if high pCO2 is relieved mid-succession, whether past acidification effects persist, are reversed by alleviation of pCO2 stress, or are worsened by departures from prior high pCO2 conditions to which organisms had acclimatized. Here, we used reciprocal transplant experiments al…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateIdentificationSalinityCommunity composition and diversityBicarbonate ion standard deviationinorganicAlkalinity total standard deviationAlkalinityTime in weeksExperimentTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Aragonite saturation stateAlkalinity totaltotalCO2 ventpHTemperaturedissolvedCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Field experimentTemperature water standard deviationEarth System Researchstandard deviationCalcite saturation statewaterPartial pressure of carbon dioxideSiteRocky-shore communityAragonite saturation state standard deviationBenthosSalinity standard deviationOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaCarbon inorganic dissolved standard deviationCalcite saturation state standard deviationTypeBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)Shannon Diversity IndexCalculated using CO2SYSIndividualsPartial pressure of carbon dioxide standard deviationCarbonate system computation flagpH standard deviationFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)CarbonPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideRocky shore communityEntire communityFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCoast and continental shelfNumber of species
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Seaweed fails to prevent ocean acidification impact on foraminifera along a shallow-water CO2 gradient

2015

Ocean acidification causes biodiversity loss, alters ecosystems, and may impact food security, as shells of small organisms dissolve easily in corrosive waters. There is a suggestion that photosynthetic organisms could mitigate ocean acidification on a local scale, through seagrass protection or seaweed cultivation, as net ecosystem organic production raises the saturation state of calcium carbonate making seawater less corrosive. Here, we used a natural gradient in calcium carbonate saturation, caused by shallow-water CO2 seeps in the Mediterranean Sea, to assess whether seaweed that is resistant to acidification (Padina pavonica) could prevent adverse effects of acidification on epiphytic…

Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre (OA-ICC)TemperateIdentificationSalinityCommunity composition and diversityTriloculinella dilatatainorganicAlkalinityElphidium spMiliolinella sp.Miliolinella subrotundaQuinqueloculina sp.Daitrona spTemperature waterCarbon inorganic dissolvedCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al 2010Adelosina longirostraPercentageAragonite saturation stateMiliolinella spRosalina globularisAlkalinity totaltotalElphidium sp.Elphidium crispumCO2 ventElphidium advenumpHTemperaturedissolvedPseudotriloculina spCarbonate ionPartial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Rosalina spQuinqueloculina annectensEarth System ResearchHaynesina depressulaField observationElphidium margaritaceumPotentiometric titrationCalcite saturation statePotentiometricwaterMassilina gualtierianaRocky-shore communitySpiroloculina ornataQuinqueloculina auberianaBenthosDaitrona sp.Pileolina patelliformisOcean Acidification International Coordination Centre OA ICCMediterranean SeaBicarbonate ionCalculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010)SpeciesVertebralina striataAffinetrina gualtierianaElphidium macellumCalculated using CO2SYSIndividualsCarbonate system computation flagFugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air)Rosalina sp.CarbonBiomass/Abundance/Elemental compositionBolivina pseudoplicataPartial pressure of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCarbon dioxideQuinqueloculina stelligeraQuinqueloculina spPeneroplis pertususRocky shore communityEntire communityPeneroplis planatusFugacity of carbon dioxide water at sea surface temperature wet airCornuspira involvensBiomass Abundance Elemental compositionCoast and continental shelfLobatula lobatulaQuinqueloculina boscianaPseudotriloculina sp.
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Erratum: Bosch-Sierra, N., et al. Effect of Fibre-Enriched Orange Juice on Postprandial Glycaemic Response and Satiety in Healthy Individuals: An Acu…

2021

The authors have requested that the following changes be made to their paper [...]

Orange juicemedicine.medical_specialtyNutrition and Dieteticsbusiness.industryPlaceboGastroenterologyCrossover studyDouble blindPostprandialInternal medicineHealthy individualsMedicineErratumbusinessFood ScienceNutrients
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Investigating activity of masticatory muscles in patients with hypermobile temporomandibular joints by using EMG

2014

Background: Temporomandibular joint hypermobility (TMJH) can manifest higher range of motions in mandible. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the activity of masticatory muscle of TMJs in healthy individuals and patients with mild, moderate and severe TMJH. Material and Methods: In this clinical study, 69 patients (between the ages of 22 to 42) with manifestation of TMJH were included. The patients were divided into three groups based on their maximum mouth opening (MMO): (light) with MMO of 50-55 mm; (moderate) with MMO between 55 to 65 mm; and (severe) with MMO >65 mm. Also, 20 healthy people with profiled tomography in the last 6 months were invited as control group (he…

Orthodonticsbusiness.industryResearchMandibleOdontología:CIENCIAS MÉDICAS [UNESCO]Ciencias de la saludMasticatory forceClinical studyMouth openingstomatognathic systemHealthy individualsTemporomandibular joint hypermobilityUNESCO::CIENCIAS MÉDICASMedicineIn patientOral SurgerybusinessGeneral DentistryMasticatory muscle
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Ayn Rand's fiction and the shaping of modern american individualism

2018

A lo largo de la historia, han surgido varios movimientos políticos y filosóficos, pero la gran mayoría no han perdurado. Sin embargo, algunos, como la democracia o el comunismo se popularizan y afectan al mundo entero. Aquí en los Estados Unidos, la nueva filosofía quizás más desafiante e inusual ha sido formada por la novelista, Ayn Rand. El punto de vista de Rand sigue siendo relativamente desconocido en América, pero si se arraigase, revolucionaría nuestras vidas. Esta cita fue la introducción para la entrevista hecha a Ayn Rand en 1959 por el reportero legendario, Mike Wallace. En ese momento, la audiencia no podía comprender completamente la presciencia de Wallace, y hoy en día no se …

PhilosophyUNESCO::CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRASLiterature:CIENCIAS DE LAS ARTES Y LAS LETRAS [UNESCO]Ayn RandIndividualsimProgressivismAmericanModern
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An XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL view on the hard state of EXO 1745-248 during its 2015 outburst

2017

CONTEXT - Transient low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) often show outbursts lasting typically a few-weeks and characterized by a high X-ray luminosity ($L_{x} \approx 10^{36}-10^{38}$ erg/sec), while for most of the time they are found in X-ray quiescence ($L_X\approx10^{31} -10^{33}$ erg/sec). EXO 1745-248 is one of them. AIMS - The broad-band coverage, and the sensitivity of instrument on board of {\xmm} and {\igr}, offers the opportunity to characterize the hard X-ray spectrum during {\exo} outburst. METHODS - In this paper we report on quasi-simultaneous {\xmm} and {\igr} observations of the X-ray transient {\exo} located in the globular cluster Terzan 5, performed ten days after the begin…

PhotonX-rays: BinarieAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFOS: Physical sciencesTechniques: SpectroscopicAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic AstrophysicsAstrophysicsneutron; Techniques: Spectroscopic; X-rays: Binaries; X-rays: Bursts; X-rays: Individuals: EXO 1745-248; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science [Stars]01 natural sciencesIonization0103 physical sciencesX-rays: BurstAstrophysics::Solar and Stellar AstrophysicsEmission spectrum010303 astronomy & astrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)Physics010308 nuclear & particles physicsAstronomy and AstrophysicsRadiusAstronomy and AstrophysicStars: neutronNeutron starSpace and Planetary ScienceGlobular clusterElectron temperatureAstrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaX-rays: Individuals: EXO 1745-248Doppler broadening
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Prolonged sub-luminous state of the new transitional pulsar candidate CXOU J110926.4-650224

2019

We report on a multi-wavelength study of the unclassified X-ray source CXOU J110926.4-650224 (J1109). We identified the optical counterpart as a blue star with a magnitude of $\sim$20.1 (3300-10500 $\require{mediawiki-texvc} \AA$). The optical emission was variable on timescales from hundreds to thousands of seconds. The spectrum showed prominent emission lines with variable profiles at different epochs. Simultaneous XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations revealed a bimodal distribution of the X-ray count rates on timescales as short as tens of seconds, as well as sporadic flaring activity. The average broad-band (0.3-79 keV) spectrum was adequately described by an absorbed power law model with…

PhotonX-rays: BinarieAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFluxFOS: Physical sciencesAstrophysicsMethods: Data analysiAstrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics7. Clean energy01 natural sciencesLuminosityAccretion accretion diskSettore FIS/05 - Astronomia E AstrofisicaPulsarMethods: Observational0103 physical sciencesEmission spectrum010303 astronomy & astrophysicsAstrophysics::Galaxy AstrophysicsPhysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)010308 nuclear & particles physicsAstronomy and AstrophysicsStars: neutronX-rays: Individuals: CXOU J110926.4-650224Neutron star13. Climate actionSpace and Planetary ScienceMagnitude (astronomy)Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaFermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
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IGR J17451-3022: a dipping and eclipsing low mass X-ray binary

2016

In this paper, we report on the available X-ray data collected by INTEGRAL, Swift, and XMM-Newton during the first outburst of the INTEGRAL transient IGR J17451-3022, discovered in 2014 August. The monitoring observations provided by the JEM-X instruments on-board INTEGRAL and the Swift/XRT showed that the event lasted for about 9 months and that the emission of the source remained soft for the entire period. The source emission is dominated by a thermal component (kT~1.2 keV), most likely produced by an accretion disk. The XMM-Newton observation carried out during the outburst revealed the presence of multiple absorption features in the soft X-ray emission that could be associated to the p…

PhysicsHigh Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)010308 nuclear & particles physicsAstrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaX-ray binaryFOS: Physical sciencesX-rays: individuals: IGR J17451-3022Astronomy and AstrophysicsAbsorption columnAstrophysicsAstronomy and AstrophysicOrbital periodX-rays: binarie01 natural sciencesSettore FIS/05 - Astronomia E AstrofisicaAccretion discSpace and Planetary ScienceIonization0103 physical sciencesThermalbinaries; X-rays: individuals: IGR J17451-3022; Astronomy and Astrophysics; Space and Planetary Science [X-rays]Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical PhenomenaLow MassAbsorption (electromagnetic radiation)010303 astronomy & astrophysics
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