Search results for "Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry"

Damage monitoring on carbonate stones: Field exposure tests contributing to pollution impact evaluation in two Italian sites

2017

During the last decades, many studies have been carried out on environmental monitoring in specific sites aiming at their protection and conservation; however, researches focused on the direct implications, in terms of quantitative evaluation of stone deterioration, of these monitoring actions are still scarce. This experimental work aims at monitoring the degradation processes affecting historical buildings constituted by carbonate stones. Specifically, specimens of Carrara marble and two limestones largely used in the Sicilian Baroque architecture, namely Noto and Comiso stones, were exposed outdoor in two Italian sites (Catania and Palermo), which are characterized by different environme…

Standardisation of elemental analytical techniques applied to provenance studies of archaeological ceramics: an inter laboratory calibration studyEle…

2002

Chemical analysis is a well-established procedure for the provenancing of archaeological ceramics. Various analytical techniques are routinely used and large amounts of data have been accumulated so far in data banks. However, in order to exchange results obtained by different laboratories, the respective analytical procedures need to be tested in terms of their inter-comparability. In this study, the schemes of analysis used in four laboratories that are involved in archaeological pottery studies on a routine basis were compared. The techniques investigated were neutron activation analysis (NAA), X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (I…

Setting the Scene: Element Determination and its Quality Control in Fractions of Refractory Organic Substances and the Corresponding Original Water S…

2007

Evaluation of the Physicochemical Properties of the Iron Nanoparticle Drug Products: Brand and Generic Sodium Ferric Gluconate

2021

Complex iron nanoparticle-based drugs are one of the oldest and most frequently administered classes of nanomedicines. In the US, there are seven FDA-approved iron nanoparticle reference drug products, of which one also has an approved generic drug product (i.e., sodium ferric gluconate (SFG)). These products are indicated for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia and are administered intravenously. On the molecular level, iron nanomedicines are colloids composed of an iron oxide core with a carbohydrate coating. This formulation makes nanomedicines more complex than conventional small molecule drugs. As such, these products are often referred to as nonbiological complex drugs (e.g., by t…

Chernobyl Clean-Up Workers: 17 Years of Follow-Up in Latvia

2005

About 5000 Latvian inhabitants took part at clean up works after accident on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant during 1986–1991. Clinical follow-up programme showed that clean-up workers having higher morbidity rate compare to the general population with prevalence of poly–symptomatic sicknesses caused by depression of immune system. Dose reconstruction made by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) indicated underestimation of officially documented doses by factor 2-10. Blood measurement performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP MS) indicated elevated concentration of lead, cadmium and thorium. It was assumed that toxic compounds, physical stress, incorporated long-lived ra…

RADIOISOTOPE MASS SPECTROMETRY

2003

Mass spectrometric methods are very sensitive and enable in many cases a multielement determination of trace and ultratrace elements combined with a good isotopic analysis ( Bacon et al. , 2001 ). Therefore, these techniques are also applied for the detection of long-lived radionuclides ( Becker and Dietze, 2000 ) mainly in environmental samples ( Adriaens et al. , 1992 ; Bailey et al. , 1993 ; Bibler et al. , 1998 ; Eroglu et al. , 1998 ; Edmonds et al. , 1998 ; Becker and Dietze, 1999 ; Wendt et al. , 1999 ), nuclear materials ( Betti, 1997 ; Chartier et al. , 1999 ), glass and ceramics ( Rohr et al. , 1994 ; Fukuda and Sayama, 1997 ), and in high-purity substances ( Beer and Heumann, 199…

The capability of Rare Earth Elements geochemistry to interpret complex archaeological stratigraphy

2019

Abstract In this study rare earth elements (REE) signatures (REE ratios, cerium and europium anomalies) are applied to a complex soil stratigraphic sequence from the site of Konso, Ethiopia, with the aim of determining whether REE can distinguish the strata observed in the field. Forty soil samples were taken from a depositional sequence that includes overlapping human induced and ‘natural’ erosional and depositional processes. The samples were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine trace elements and REE, with concentrations of major elements determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Cluster Analyses (CA) were used to observe differences between str…

Liquid sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission and mass spectrometry — Critical review

2014

Abstract Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can be considered as the most important tools in inorganic analytical chemistry. Huge progress has been made since the first analytical applications of the ICP. More stable RF generators, improved spectrometers and detection systems were designed along with the achievements gained from advanced microelectronics, leading to overall greatly improved analytical performance of such instruments. In contrast, for the vast majority of cases liquid sample introduction is still based on the pneumatic principle as described in the late 19th century. High flow pneumatic nebulizers typically deman…

Principle and analytical applications of resonance lonization mass spectrometry

1989

Resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) is a very sensitive analytical technique for the detection of trace elements. This method is based on the excitation and ionization of atoms with resonant laser light followed by mass analysis. It allows element and, in some cases, isotope selective ionization and is applicable to most of the elements of the periodic table. A high selectivity can be achieved by applying three step photoionization of the elements under investigation and an additional mass separation for an unambiguous isotope assignment. An effective facility for resonance ionization mass spectrometry consists of three dye lasers which are pumped by two copper vapor lasers and of…

In-situ high spatial resolution LA-MC-ICPMS 230Th/U dating enables detection of small-scale age inversions in speleothems

2017

Abstract We present an in-situ method for Th and U isotope measurements by laser ablation multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-MC-ICPMS) to determine possible age inversions of stalagmites, using a 213 nm Nd:YAG laser connected to an MC-ICPMS. Due to the low ion beam intensity of 230 Th (20–120 counts per second, cps), we carefully optimized the operating parameters to get highest possible ion beam intensities, i.e., laser fluence (25 J cm −2 ), spot size (110 μm), pulse repetition rate (20 Hz), scan speed (4 μm s −1 ), integration time (1000 s), and He and Ar gas flow (∼0.9 L min −1 and ∼0.6 L min −1 respectively). A precision (2 relative standard error, 2RSE) o…