Search results for "Inequality"

Monetary policy and the redistribution of net worth in the U.S

2021

The view that expansionary monetary policy can exacerbate both income and wealth inequality by increasing asset prices has become increasingly popular. The aim of this paper is to study the distributive effects of monetary policy on wealth inequality. In the first part of this research, we develop a simple framework based on accounting identity to examine the redistributive repercussions of changes in monetary policy on net worth through different channels. Based on this framework, in the second part of the paper, we show empirical evidence concerning the effects of monetary policy on wealth inequality in the US. To derive this, we combined macro and micro data, and proceeded in two steps. …

Hemivariational Inequalities and Hysteresis

2001

Hemivariational inequalities introduced by P.D. Panagiotopoulos are generalizations of variational inequalities. This type of inequality problems arises, e.g. in variational formulation of mechanical problems whenever nonmonotone and multivalued relations or nonconvex energy functions are involved. Typical examples of such kind of phenomena are nonmonotone friction laws and adhesive contact laws. Mathematically these nonmonotone relations are described by means of generalized gradients (in sense of F.H. Clarke) of nonconvex potential functions. For applications and for their mathematical treatment we refer to [9],[10],[13]–[18].

Pandemics and Inequality: Assessing the Impact of COVID-19

2020

This chapter provides evidence on the impact of major epidemics from the past two decades on inequality and job prospects. Our results justify the concern that the COVID-19 pandemic could significantly raise inequality; past events of this kind, even though much smaller in scale, have led to increases in the Gini coefficient, lowered the employment-to-population ratio for those with basic education compared to those with higher education, and pushed people into precarious work in the form of self-employment or in the informal sector.

Is Inequality Harmful for North-South Intra-Industry Trade Growth?

2007

On some inequalities for the identric, logarithmic and related means

2015

We offer new proofs, refinements as well as new results related to classical means of two variables, including the identric and logarithmic means.

Does hospital competition harm equity? Evidence from the English National Health Service

2011

Increasing evidence shows that hospital competition under fixed prices can improve quality and reduce cost. Concerns remain, however, that competition may undermine socio-economic equity in the utilisation of care. We test this hypothesis in the context of the pro-competition reforms of the English National Health Service progressively introduced from 2004 to 2006. We use a panel of 32,482 English small areas followed from 2003 to 2008 and a difference in differences approach. The effect of competition on equity is identified by the interaction between market structure, small area income deprivation and year. We find a negative association between market competition and elective admissions …

Peripherality of the CEE Region

2023

Pawłuszko offers a summary of the center-periphery perspective on the relationship between the Western European center and the Central and Eastern European peripheries. Focusing on economic history and politics, the chapter draws attention to the crucial intervention of the integration processes in the history of CEE region and uses a broad perspective to facilitate a better understanding of its roots. As well as looking at the ways in which the history was constructed, Pawłuszko explores the theoretical implications of current state in intra-European relations in the field of security studies. “Peripherality of the CEE region” concludes with a study of current geoeconomic position of the C…

Mapping the World’s Largest Democracy (1947–2017)

2018

After seven decades as an independent democratic nation, India’s social landscape remains marred by persistent contradictions and inequalities. As the country moves from celebrating 70 years of independence towards its seventeenth general election in 2019, this article sets out to survey what democracy has done to India over the past 70 years. How was Indian democracy established and how has it evolved? Why do people vote, and who do they vote for? How does Indian democracy function beyond elections, and to what extent has democracy delivered in terms of social development and the economic and political integration of marginalized groups? These are the key questions that we address in this …

ASPECTS OF INEQUALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF EMPLOYMENT OF PRE-SCHOOL TEACHERS IN LATVIA

2020

Policy-making in education involves social agents at national, municipal and institutional levels. National regulations and financial capacity of municipalities determine working conditions of teachers and employment aspects at all levels of the education system. For several years, discussions have been taking place in Latvia involving employers of education sector and policy makers on tackling inequalities in pay and workload principles for pre-school teachers. Situation of the pre-school teachers varies across municipalities and is affected by their financial opportunities to sustain educational institutions and ensure teachers’ salaries. In 2019, Latvian Trade Union of Education and Scie…

Sobre la impertinencia de las políticas austericidas : algunos efectos y reflexiones desde el ámbito de la universidad.

2020

En esta aportación se describirán brevemente cuáles fueron las principales transformaciones en las condiciones de acceso y permanencia en los estudios universitarios que tuvieron lugar a partir de las reformas post- 2012 en un escenario de austeridad en el gasto público. Se parte del más reciente trabajo de investigación de la autora en torno a esta temática y se concluye con el carácter de reajuste clasista a que dichos cambios dieron lugar.  En un apartado final se esbozan algunos argumentos que, en el contexto actual de crisis sanitaria y social, refuerzan la valoración de la inoportunidad de ese giro inequitativo en la política universitaria.