Search results for "Inequity"

Does Theorizing on Reciprocal Altruism Apply to the Relationships of Individuals with a Spinal Cord Injury?

2012

From the perspective of reciprocal altruism, we examined the role of reciprocity in the close relationships of people inflicted with a spinal cord injury (SCI) ( n = 70). We focused on the help receiver rather than on the help giver. Participants perceived more reciprocity in relationships with friends than in relationships with the partner and with family members. In these last relationships, perceptions of indebtedness were more prevalent than perceptions of deprivation. However, most negative feelings were evoked by a lack of reciprocity in partner relationships, followed by family relationships, and next by friendships. Moreover, depression was especially associated with a lack of perc…

The effects of personality, risk and other-regarding attitudes on trust and reciprocity

2022

Abstract This paper reports experimental results on the determinants of trust and reciprocity in the context of a genuinely sequential, binary Trust Game. Apart from behavior in the main experiment, subjects’ risk attitudes and inequality aversion are elicited, as well as the traits of neuroticism and agreeableness, captured through the five-factor model. The findings suggest that trustors’ (first movers) behavior is affected by their loss aversion, while trustees’ (second movers) reciprocal behavior is not explained by any of their other-regarding attitudes, but, rather, by their agreeableness.

The interplay of reciprocity propensity and inequality aversion in two-person games

2020

Economic normative models assume that economic actors are fully rational and selfish while recent studies acknowledge the emotional influence of an economic decision and call for further investigation of biases in decision making. Most decisions involve multiple actors who make decisions following a sequential path as reflected by decision trees; this contingency makes a call for the game theory contribution in the economic decision field. Two-person games are widely used to represent a typical framework of economic decisions. This study aims at further investigating psychological biases affecting decisions in a two-person sequential game. So far similar studies have focused on the principa…

The impact of inequality on mental health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

2021

Previous research on pandemics and emergencies has shown that such events often widen health inequalities in society and have a greater impact on socially disadvantaged groups No review has so far looked at the impact of inequality factors on mental health outcomes during the novel coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) The aim of the current review was therefore to assess the impact of inequality factors on mental health outcomes during COVID-19 After registration on PROSPERO, a systematic review was conducted for papers published up to July 31, 2020, using the databases Google Scholar, PsycINFO, PubMed (MEDLINE), and Web of Science The following inequality factors were considered: education, inc…

Inequity in palliative care service full utilisation among patients with advanced cancer: a retrospective Cohort study.

2020

Background: Advanced cancer patients often die in hospital after receiving needless, aggressive treatment. Although palliative care improves symptom management, barriers to accessing palliative care services affect its utilisation, and such disparities challenge the equitable provision of palliative care. This study aimed to identify which factors are associated with inequitable palliative care service utilisation among advanced cancer patients by applying the Andersen Behavioural Model of Health Services Use.Material and methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using administrative healthcare data. A total of 13,656 patients residing in the Lazio region of Italy, who died of an advan…

PISA 2000 results of reading literacy in Finland

2005

Hold up and intergenerational transmission of preferences

2004

This paper focuses on the formation, evolution and stability of the distribution of preferences in the population and its relationship with the investment and bargaining strategies in a simplified hold up problem. More precisely, in our model a population of infinitely-lived players (say, for example, firms) with homogeneous selfish or self-regarding preferences is pair-wise matched at each period with a population of an equal size of short-lived players (say, for example, workers) with heterogeneous preferences. Both types of player play a two-stage game. In the first stage, they decide separately but simultaneously whether to make a general or a relation-specific investment. The latter ty…

Carry a big stick, or no stick at all

2016

We investigate the effect of costly punishment in a trust game with endowment heterogeneity. Our findings indicate that the difference between the investor and the allocator’s initial endowments determines the effect of punishment on trust and trustworthiness. Punishment fosters trust only when the investor is wealthier than the allocator. Otherwise, punishment fails to promote trusting behavior. As for trustworthiness, the effect is just the opposite. The higher the difference between the investor and the allocator’s initial endowments, the less willing allocators are to pay back. We discuss the consistency of our findings with social preference models (like inequality aversion, reciprocit…