Search results for "Infection Control"
showing 10 items of 103 documents
The Management of Dental Practices in the Post-COVID 19 Era: An Economic and Operational Perspective
2020
Background: In order to protect dental teams and their patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, dentists have had to adopt several measures (operating and post-operating procedures) which may increase the total treatment time and costs relating to individual protective measures. This paper will propose a thorough analysis of operating dentistry procedures, comparing the economic performance of the activity in a dental surgery before and after the adoption of these protective measures, which are required to contain the risk of SARS-COV-2 infections. Methods: The economic analysis is articulated in three approaches. Firstly, it assesses a reduction in markup by maintaining current charges (A)
Knowledge Discovery from Microbiology Data: Many-Sided Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance in Nosocomial Infections
2005
Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance (AR) are highly important problems that impact the morbidity and mortality of hospitalized patients as well as their cost of care. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate our analysis of AR by applying a number of various data mining (DM) techniques to real hospital data. The data for the analysis includes instances of sensitivity of nosocomial infections to antibiotics collected in a hospital over three years 2002-2004. The results of our study show that DM makes it easy for experts to inspect patterns that might otherwise be missed by usual (manual) infection control. However, the clinical relevance and utility of these findings await th…
The paradox of the evidence about invasive fungal infections prevention
2016
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are characterized by high morbidity and mortality in non-neutropenic critically ill patients. Attributable mortality due to Candida spp. infections ranges from about 42 to 63 % [1, 2]. Data from large observational and retrospective studies show an association between early antifungal treatment and improved survival [3, 4]. Updated clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis have been recently published [5]. In 2006, Playford et al. published a Cochrane systematic review investigating the use of antifungal agents for prevention of IFIs in non-neutropenic critically ill patients [6]. In that review, the outcome of proven IFI was defined as…
Modern Strategies in the Prevention of Implant-Associated Infections
2005
The application of medical devices either for temporary or permanent use has become an indispensible part of almost all fields of medicine. However, foreign bodies are associated with a substantial risk of bacterial and fungal infections. Implant-associated infections significantly contribute to the still increasing problem of nosocomial infections. To reduce the incidence of such infections, specific guidelines providing evidence-based recommendations and comprising both technological and nontechnological strategies for prevention have been established. Strict adherence to hygienic rules during insertion or implantation of the device are aspects of particular importance. Besides such basi…
Management of Intra-abdominal Infections due to Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms.
2014
The prevalence of bacterial resistance to carbapenem antibiotics continues to increase because of bacteria producing metallo-β-lactamases (MBL), called carbapenemase-producing organisms (CPO). Enterobacteriaceae, which can be a common cause of intra-abdominal infections (IAIs), have become carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Updated international guidelines for the treatment of both IAIs and IAIs due to CRE have been published. Given the multifaceted nature of these infections, these recommendations have been jointly reviewed and endorsed by the Surgical Society and the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease. The aims of this review are to summarize the genera…
The Italian paediatric society raccomandations on children and adolescents extra-domestic activities during the SARS COV-2 emergency phase 2
2020
Abstract Background Due to novel coronavirus infection emergency, restricting measures have been imposed in Italy. As well as adults, also children are limited in their daily routine. Main text As the lockdown period is expected to end on 3rd May 2020, we discuss the opportunity for children to practice safely recreational or physical activity outdoor. Conclusion The Italian Paediatric Society recommends specific recreational and physical activities according to the age of the children and respecting social distancing.
Healthcare associated pathogens in a changing world
2014
In developed countries about 10% of the hospitalizations are complicated by a healthcare-associated infection [1]. Up to 75% of these infections are due to multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) [1]. Antimicrobial resistant bacterial infections are associated to higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs than those caused by susceptible organisms [1]. The findings of the point prevalence survey in European acute care hospitals published in 2013 by the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC) show large variations between countries and between different regions of the same country, with Italy being allocated within the high-endemic areas for both MRSA and MDROs [2]. Des…
Role of the hospital pharmacist in an Italian antimicrobial stewardship programme
2020
The inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents is contributing to an increasing phenomenon of bacterial resistance. For this reason, there is a growing interest in ‘antimicrobial stewardship’, a series of coordinated and multidisciplinary interventions aimed to promote the safe and appropriate use of antimicrobials in which the pharmacist’s contribution is necessary for the optimal choice of drug, dose, duration of therapy and the implementation of cost containment strategies. AIM OF THE STUDY: We wanted to create a reference model and a specific training manual on antibiotic stewardship to introduce the role of the department pharmacist with specific infection disease skills in the Italian …
Early Cessation of a Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE) Outbreak in a Hematology-Oncology Department after Implementation of an Enhanced Infectio…
2004
Abstract Introduction: Worldwide, the incidence of nosocomial outbreaks of VRE has increased especially in high-risk patients such as hematology-oncology patients. Outbreaks reported so far, required a minimum of three months to be controlled. Such outbreaks have a serious impact on daily care and treatment of the patients and hospital economics. Patients and Methods: We describe the outcome of a VRE-outbreak in a department with 48 beds (fourteen 2-patient rooms, and 20 single-patient rooms) including allogeneic BMT. Epidemiological evaluation was initiated after two patients in the department for the first time had a blood stream infection (BSI) with VRE within one week. Two goals had to …
The incidence of infection, diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori in developing countries on the example of Kenya
2020
Machaj Dominik, Jastrzębska Sandra, Cyboran Katarzyna, Płaczek Alicja, Flaumenhaft Wiktoria. The incidence of infection, diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori in developing countries on the example of Kenya. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2020;10(3):11-17. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2020.10.03.001 https://apcz.umk.pl/czasopisma/index.php/JEHS/article/view/JEHS.2020.10.03.001 https://zenodo.org/record/3696977 The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. § 8. 2) and § 12. 1. 2) 22.02.2019. © The Authors 2020; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Sy…