Search results for "Inference"

Prosociality as a mediator between teacher collaboration and turnover intention

2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the mediating role of prosociality, which is defined in terms of helping and benefitting others, between teacher collaboration and their turnover intentions. Prosociality was measured as prosocial impact and prosocial motivation.Design/methodology/approachThis study was conducted through a cross-sectional survey of 260 elementary and junior high school teachers in Japan. A structural equational model was employed to examine the mediating roles of prosocial impact and prosocial motivation in the relationships between teacher collaboration and their turnover intention.FindingsThe results, first, supported the hypotheses: the high perception o…

Probabilistic Fuzzy Approach to Evaluation of Logistics Service Effectiveness

2014

Received: 9 September 2014 Abstract Accepted: 11 October 2014 Logistics service providers offer a whole or partial logistics business service over a certain time period. Between such companies, the effectiveness of specific logistics services can vary. Logistics service providers seek the effective performance of logistics service. The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for the evaluation of logistics service effectiveness, along with a specific computer system implementing the proposed approach – a sophisticated inference system, an extension of the Mamdani probabilistic fuzzy system. The paper presents specific knowledge concerning the relationships between effectiveness i…

Manipulating the alpha level cannot cure significance testing

2018

We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p = 0.05 to p = 0.005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and sample size much more directly than significance testing does; but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple in…

Inductive inference of recursive functions: Complexity bounds

2005

This survey includes principal results on complexity of inductive inference for recursively enumerable classes of total recursive functions. Inductive inference is a process to find an algorithm from sample computations. In the case when the given class of functions is recursively enumerable it is easy to define a natural complexity measure for the inductive inference, namely, the worst-case mindchange number for the first n functions in the given class. Surely, the complexity depends not only on the class, but also on the numbering, i.e. which function is the first, which one is the second, etc. It turns out that, if the result of inference is Goedel number, then complexity of inference ma…

Diversity and Evolution of papillomaviruses

2017

1.1. Introducción Con el fin de averiguar las causas de las devastadoras epidemias de finales del siglo XIX, se llevaron a cabo diferentes estudios que dieron como resultado la identificación de unos nuevos agentes infecciosos, para los que se acuñó el nombre de “virus”. Desde entonces el descubrimiento de nuevos virus ha sido incesante, lo que llevó, en los años 70, a la creación de un organismo encargado de desarrollar, refinar y mantener la clasificación taxonómica de los virus, el Comité Internacional de Taxonomía Viral (ICTV), en el seno de la Unión Internacional de Sociedades Microbiológicas (IUMS). En 2014 este organismo había reconocido 3.186 especies virales pertenecientes a 104 fa…

Estimators and confidence intervals of f2 using bootstrap methodology for the comparison of dissolution profiles

2021

Abstract Background and objectives: The most widely used method to compare dissolution profiles is the similarity factor f 2 . When this method is not applicable, the confidence interval of f 2 using bootstrap methodology has been recommended instead. As neither details of the estimator nor the types of confidence intervals are described in the guidelines, the suitability of five estimators and fourteen types of confidence intervals were investigated in this study by simulation. Methods: One million individual dissolution profiles were simulated for the reference and test populations with predefined target population f 2 values, where random samples of different sizes were drawn without rep…

Ancient Theories of Intellection

2013

Ancient philosophical schools shared the view that, in addition to perceptual capacities, human beings have reason. It was also generally supposed that reason is not to be understood solely as a capacity of inference, but that it must also have content (1). Such content was often taken to be general: as opposed to perception which deals with particulars, reasoning operates with general or universal features of reality. However, views diverged as to how or whether such contents are acquired and whether they rather pre-exist in the soul. Whereas the view according to which intelligible forms can be grasped by human reason was wide-spread in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition, Hellenistic phi…

Statistical inference in abstracts of 3 influential clinical pharmacology journals analysed using a text‐mining algorithm

2021

Aim To describe the trend in the prevalence of statistical inference in three influential clinical pharmacology journals METHODS: We applied a computer-based algorithm to abstracts of three clinical pharmacology journals published in 1976 to 2016 to identify statistical inference and its subtypes. Furthermore, we manually reviewed a random sample of 300 articles to access algorithm's performance in finding statistical inference in abstracts and as a screening tool for presence and absence of statistical inference in full text. Result The algorithm identified 59% (13,375/22,516 [mid p 95% CI, 59%-60%]) article abstracts with statistical inference. The percentage of abstracts with statistical…

Book Review: Another Science Is Possible

2018

Peirce-Suit of Truth – Why Inference to the Best Explanation and Abduction Ought Not to be Confused

2004

It is well known that the process of scientific inquiry, according to Peirce, is drivenby three types of inference, namely abduction, deduction, and induction. What isbehind these labels is, however, not so clear. In particular, the common identificationof “abduction” with “Inference to the Best Explanation” (IBE) begs the question,since IBE appears to be covered by Peirce's concept of induction, not that of abduction.Consequently, abduction ought to be distinguished from IBE, at least on Peirce's account. The main aim of the paper, however, is to show that this distinction is most relevant with respect to current problems in philosophy of science and epistemology (like attempts to supply s…