Search results for "Inference"
showing 10 items of 478 documents
A model of adaptive decision-making from representation of information environment by quantum fields
2017
We present the mathematical model of decision making (DM) of agents acting in a complex and uncertain environment (combining huge variety of economical, financial, behavioral, and geo-political factors). To describe interaction of agents with it, we apply the formalism of quantum field theory (QTF). Quantum fields are of the purely informational nature. The QFT-model can be treated as a far relative of the expected utility theory, where the role of utility is played by adaptivity to an environment (bath). However, this sort of utility-adaptivity cannot be represented simply as a numerical function. The operator representation in Hilbert space is used and adaptivity is described as in quantu…
Gl-learning
2016
In this paper, we present a new open-source software library, Gl-learning, for grammatical inference. The rise of new application scenarios in recent years has required optimized methods to address knowledge extraction from huge amounts of data and to model highly complex systems. Our library implements the main state-of-the-art algorithms in the grammatical inference field (RPNI, EDSM, L*), redesigned through the OpenMP library for a parallel execution that drastically decreases execution times. To our best knowledge, it is also the first comprehensive library including a noise tolerance learning algorithm, such as Blue*, that significantly broadens the range of the potential application s…
Optimizing channel selection for cognitive radio networks using a distributed Bayesian learning automata-based approach
2015
Consider a multi-channel Cognitive Radio Network (CRN) with multiple Primary Users (PUs), and multiple Secondary Users (SUs) competing for access to the channels. In this scenario, it is essential for SUs to avoid collision among one another while maintaining efficient usage of the available transmission opportunities. We investigate two channel access schemes. In the first model, an SU selects a channel and sends a packet directly without Carrier Sensing (CS) whenever the PU is absent on this channel. In the second model, an SU invokes CS in order to avoid collision among co-channel SUs. For each model, we analyze the channel selection problem and prove that it is a so-called "Exact Potent…
Methods for evaluating causality in observational studies.
2019
BACKGROUND: In clinical medical research, causality is demonstrated by randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Often, however, an RCT cannot be conducted for ethical reasons, and sometimes for practical reasons as well. In such cases, knowledge can be derived from an observational study instead. In this article, we present two methods that have not been widely used in medical research to date. METHODS: The methods of assessing causal inferences in observational studies are described on the basis of publications retrieved by a selective literature search. RESULTS: Two relatively new approaches—regression-discontinuity methods and interrupted time series—can be used to demonstrate a causal relat…
Inductive inference of recursive functions: Qualitative theory
2005
This survey contains both old and very recent results in non-quantitative aspects of inductive inference of total recursive functions. The survey is not complete. The paper was written to stress some of the main results in selected directions of research performed at the University of Latvia rather than to exhaust all of the obtained results. We concentrated on the more explored areas such as the inference of indices in non-Goedel computable numberings, the inference of minimal Goedel numbers, and the specifics of inference of minimal indices in Kolmogorov numberings.
Washback factors and inference predictors in the Spanish University Examination: The OPENPAU Project (FFI2011-22442)
2012
Background: University Entrance Examinations provide information the student?s opportunities to succeed in their academic university career. However, the current foreign language paper of the Spanish University Entrance Examination does no permit to obtain enough evidence to make academic inferences. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study was to determine if the new test would serve for these objectives according to the students? needs and expected use of the language. Sources of Evidence: Based on Chapelle (2007) and García Laborda (2010). Analysis and results: Primary findings indicate that the test requires a deep revision in the test items, task typology and, overall, the test defi…
Flexible Bayesian survival models with application in biometric studies
2018
El análisis de supervivencia es una metodología estadística diseñada para analizar datos procedentes de estudios científicos relativos a tiempos de ocurrencia de uno o varios eventos de interés. La duración de estos tiempos suele conocerse como tiempos de supervivencia debido a los particulares orígenes de esta metodología en contextos exclusivamente médicos y demográficos. Durante las últimas décadas, la literatura científica en este campo ha sido muy prolífica y su aplicación se ha extendido a múltiples áreas de conocimiento. Los procedimientos estadísticos propios de esta metodología empezaron a abordarse desde el marco inferencial frecuentista. Sin embargo, en los últimos años la utiliz…
Consistency of Probability Decision Rules and Its Inference in Probability Decision Table
2012
In most synthesis evaluation systems and decision-making systems, data are represented by objects and attributes of objects with a degree of belief. Formally, these data can be abstracted by the form (objects; attributes; P), wherePrepresents a kind degree of belief between objects and attributes, such that,Pis a basic probability assignment. In the paper, we provide a kind of probability information system to describe these data and then employ rough sets theory to extract probability decision rules. By extension of Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, we can get probabilities of antecedents and conclusion of probability decision rules. Furthermore, we analyze the consistency of probability de…
Accelerated Bayesian learning for decentralized two-armed bandit based decision making with applications to the Goore Game
2012
Published version of an article in the journal: Applied Intelligence. Also available from the publisher at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10489-012-0346-z The two-armed bandit problem is a classical optimization problem where a decision maker sequentially pulls one of two arms attached to a gambling machine, with each pull resulting in a random reward. The reward distributions are unknown, and thus, one must balance between exploiting existing knowledge about the arms, and obtaining new information. Bandit problems are particularly fascinating because a large class of real world problems, including routing, Quality of Service (QoS) control, game playing, and resource allocation, can be solved …
An active inference and epistemic value view of metacognition
2015
Metacognition concerns our monitoring and control of mental operations (knowing what you know). Much thinking about metacognition is liable to fall foul of the classic homunculus problem: Nobody can specify who or what does the "metacognition." We describe how the Active Inference and Epistemic Value (AIEV) model offers an operationalization of epistemic behaviors which can explain two example metacognitive phenomena: Control and monitoring of word learning, and the search for unretrieved information in the feeling of knowing. Curiosity drives a search forward, but it is held in check by considering the utility of what is retrieved from memory.