Search results for "Inflammation."

TLR4 elimination prevents synaptic and myelin alterations and long-term cognitive dysfunctions in adolescent mice with intermittent ethanol treatment.

2015

The adolescent brain undergoes important dynamic and plastic cell changes, including overproduction of axons and synapses, followed by rapid pruning along with ongoing axon myelination. These developmental changes make the adolescent brain particularly vulnerable to neurotoxic and behavioral effects of alcohol. Although the mechanisms of these effects are largely unknown, we demonstrated that ethanol by activating innate immune receptors toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), induces neuroinflammation and brain damage in adult mice. The present study aims to evaluate whether intermittent ethanol treatment in adolescence promotes TLR4-dependent pro-inflammatory processes, leading to myelin and synapti…

MARKERS OF INFLAMMATION AND RISK OF VASCULAR EVENTS IN PATIENTS WITH NON-INSULIN DEPENDANT DIABETES

2006

Serum Amyloid A Is Present in Human Saccular Intracranial Aneurysm Walls and Associates With Aneurysm Rupture

2021

AbstractSaccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA) rupture leads to a disabling subarachnoid hemorrhage. Chronic inflammation and lipid accumulation in the sIA wall contribute to wall degenerative remodeling that precedes its rupture. A better understanding of the pathobiological process is essential for improved future treatment of patients carrying sIAs. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is an acute-phase protein produced in response to acute and chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Here, we studied the presence and the potential role of SAA in 36 intraoperatively resected sIAs (16 unruptured and 20 ruptured), that had previously been studied by histology and immunohistochemistry. SAA was present in all…

Resveratrol: preventing properties against vascular alterations and ageing.

2005

International audience; Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in developed countries where the common pathological substrate underlying this process is atherosclerosis. Several new concepts have emerged in relation to mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of the vascular diseases and associated inflammatory effects. Recently, potential antioxidants (vitamin E, polyphenols) have received much attention as potential anti-atherosclerotic agents. Among the polyphenols with health benefic properties, resveratrol, a phytoalexin of grape, seem to be a good candidate protecting the vascular walls from oxidation, inflammation, platelet aggregation, and thrombus formation. In …

A follow-up study of a genome-wide association scan identifies a susceptibility locus for venous thrombosis on chromosome 6p24.1.

2010

International audience; To identify genetic susceptibility factors conferring increased risk of venous thrombosis (VT), we conducted a multistage study, following results of a previously published GWAS that failed to detect loci for developing VT. Using a collection of 5862 cases with VT and 7112 healthy controls, we identified the HIVEP1 locus on chromosome 6p24.1 as a susceptibility locus for VT. Indeed, the HIVEP1 rs169713C allele was associated with an increased risk for VT, with an odds ratio of 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.13-1.27, p = 2.86 x 10(-9)). HIVEP1 codes for a protein that participates in the transcriptional regulation of inflammatory target genes by binding specific DNA …

Bimodal Recovery Pattern in Human Skeletal Muscle Induced by Exhaustive Stretch-Shortening Cycle Exercise:

2007

Introduction/Purpose: Recovery of force and stretch reflex from exhaustive stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) exercise is usually bimodal, characterized as immediate exercise-induced performance reduction, with its quick recovery followed by a longer-lasting reduction in performance. A clear parallel exists between the respective changes in performance, neural activation, and metabolic or structural exercise-induced changes. This implies the existence of potential coupling between muscle failure and the induced neural adjustments that take place along its recovery. The present study was designed to explore the evidence of this coupling more thoroughly. Methods: H- and stretch reflexes were meas…

Enhanced proinflammatory response to the Candida albicans gpi7 null mutant by murine cells.

2008

International audience; The Candida albicans gpi7/gpi7 null mutant strain (Deltagpi7), which is affected in glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor biosynthesis, showed a reduced virulence following systemic infection of C57BL/6 mice. In vitro production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1beta by macrophages in response to Deltagpi7 cells was significantly increased as compared to control (wild type GPI7/GPI7 and revertant gpi7/GPI7) cells; this probably contributes to the enhanced recruitment of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity in response to Deltagpi7 cells. Survival of knockout mice for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 following intravenous injection of Deltagpi7 cells showed no signifi…

The Inflammatory Response in Acyl-CoA Oxidase 1 Deficiency (Pseudoneonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy)

2012

Among several peroxisomal neurodegenerative disorders, the pseudoneonatal adrenoleukodystrophy (P-NALD) is characterized by the acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1) deficiency, which leads to the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids ( VLCFA) and inflammatory demyelination. However, the components of this inflammatory process in P-NALD remain elusive. In this study, we used transcriptomic profiling and PCR array analyses to explore inflammatory gene expression in patient fibroblasts. Our results show the activation of IL-1 inflammatory pathway accompanied by the increased secretion of two IL-1 target genes, IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines. Human fibroblasts exposed to very-long-chain fatty acids…

Human OX40 tunes the function of regulatory T cells in tumor and nontumor areas of hepatitis C virus-infected liver tissue.

2014

International audience; Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can be considered as a mixed population of distinct subsets, endowed with a diverse extent and quality of adaptation to microenvironmental signals. Here, we uncovered an opposite distribution of Treg expansion, phenotype, and plasticity in different microenvironments in the same organ (liver) derived from patients with chronic hepatitis C: On the one side, cirrhotic and tumor fragments were moderately and highly infiltrated by Tregs, respectively, expressing OX40 and a T-bet high IFN-c – " T-helper (Th)1-suppressing " phenotype; on the other side, noncirrhotic liver specimens contained low frequencies of Tregs that expressed low levels of O…

Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 deficiency reduces leukocyte infiltration into adipose tissue and favors fat deposi…

2009

1525-2191 (Electronic) Journal Article; Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and leukocyte infiltration in white adipose tissue (WAT) and is linked to diabetic complications. Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, also known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (SSAO/VAP-1), is a membrane protein that is highly expressed in adipocytes and is also present on the endothelial cell surface where it is involved in leukocyte extravasation. We studied fat deposition and leukocyte infiltration in WAT of mice with a null mutation in the amine oxidase copper-containing-3 (AOC3) gene encoding SSAO/VAP-1. Both epididymal and inguinal WATs were larger in 6-month-old AOC3-KO males than in age-matc…