Search results for "Inflammation"
showing 10 items of 2662 documents
Effect of Exercise on Fatty Acid Metabolism and Adipokine Secretion in Adipose Tissue
2019
Increased physical activity is an optimal way to maintain a good health. During exercise, triacylglycerols, an energy reservoir in adipose tissue, are hydrolyzed to free fatty acids (FAs) which are then released to the circulation, providing a fuel for working muscles. Thus, regular physical activity leads to a reduction of adipose tissue mass and improves metabolism. However, the reduction of lipid reservoir is also associated with many other interesting changes in adipose tissue FA metabolism. For example, a prolonged exercise contributes to a decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity and resultant reduction of FA uptake. This results in the improvement of mitochondrial function and upregul…
The effect of Betanin parenteral pretreatment on Jejunal and pulmonary tissue histological architecture and inflammatory response after Jejunal ische…
2019
Intestinal ischemic-reperfusion (IR) injury has detrimental effects on both local and distant organs in the body. Betanin is known for its antioxidant properties, and it is found mostly in vegetables. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that betanin administration prior intestinal IR, may be beneficial in protecting jejunal mucosa and lung parenchyma against IR damage. Male specific pathogen-free Charles River Wistar rats were used (n = 42). Betanin (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia of the superior mesenteric artery lasting 1 h, followed by 1, 4 and 24 h of reperfusion. Immunohistochemical as well as histomorphometrical analy…
Comportamento della eNOS e dell'iNOS nella genesi e mantwnimento delle ulcere venose degli arti inferiori
2019
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and venous ulcers in the lower areas are widespread problems with a prevalence of 1% - 2% in the western population. The pathophysiology of this pathological manifestation is not yet fully clarified and it can be assumed that a multifactorial genesis should be considered. Certainly the high pressure values in the peripheral venous system, the defective valves in the capillary network, the increase in permeability and capillary neogenesis (discharge of liquids in the extracellular compartment - + edema), the discharge of fibrinogen and the subsequent formation of a pericapillary fibrin cuff are the most important mechanisms related to hypoxia and skin isc…
Current Perspectives on Adult Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Biological Features and Clinical Indications.
2022
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) constitute one of the main mechanisms by which cells communicate with the surrounding tissue or at distance. Vesicle secretion is featured by most cell types, and adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) of different tissue origins have shown the ability to produce them. In recent years, several reports disclosed the molecular composition and suggested clinical indications for EVs derived from adult MSCs. The parental cells were already known for their roles in different disease settings in regulating inflammation, immune modulation, or transdifferentiation to promote cell repopulation. Interestingly, most reports also suggested that part of the properties of pare…
Melatonin Inhibits Inflammatory Response of Intestinal Epithelial Cells
2017
Melatonin, oral-used in sleep disorders treatment, is the main secretory product of the pineal gland and in gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in which it has a local physiological poorly characterized role. Intraperitoneally-administered high dose has anti-inflammatory effects in experimental model of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases but the mechanisms is unclarified. Literature data show that melatonin inhibits the activation of neutrophils and monocytes and it is therefore conceivable that it has also inhibitory effect on mucosal inflammatory cell activation. The aim of this study was to evaluate in an in vitro model of inflamed intestinal epithelium the potential protective effects of melatonin. D…
Neutrophil extracellular traps arm DC vaccination against NPM-mutant myeloproliferation
2022
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are web-like chromatin structures composed by dsDNA and histones, decorated with antimicrobial proteins. Their interaction with dendritic cells (DCs) allows DC activation and maturation toward presentation of NET-associated antigens. Differently from other types of cell death that imply protein denaturation, NETosis preserves the proteins localized onto the DNA threads for proper enzymatic activity and conformational status, including immunogenic epitopes. Besides neutrophils, leukemic cells can release extracellular traps displaying leukemia-associated antigens, prototypically mutant nucleophosmin (NPMc+) that upon mutation translocates from nucleolus …
Aging and chronic inflammation: highlights from a multidisciplinary workshop
2023
Abstract: Aging is a gradual, continuous series of natural changes in biological, physiological, immunological, environmental, psychological, behavioral, and social processes. Aging entails changes in the immune system characterized by a decrease in thymic output of naïve lymphocytes, an accumulated chronic antigenic stress notably caused by chronic infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), and immune cell senescence with acquisition of an inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). For this reason, and due to the SASP originating from other tissues, aging is commonly accompanied by low-grade chronic inflammation, termed “inflammaging”. After decades of accumulating evide…
Immunity and Aging
2016
In the elderly, many alterations of innate and acquired immunity have been described and viewed as deleterious, hence the term immunosenescence. Immunosenescence is a complex process involving multiple reorganizational and developmentally regulated changes, rather than simple unidirectional decline of complete immune function. On the other hand, some immunological parameters are commonly notably reduced in the elderly, and reciprocally good function is tightly correlated to health status. Whereas innate immunity is relatively well preserved in elderly, acquired immunity is more susceptible due to both the functional decline associated with the passage of time, and to antigen burden to which…
Biomarkers of aging
2010
Aging is a complex process that negatively impacts the development of the different systems and its ability to function. Moreover, the Aging rate in humans is not the same, principally due to genetic heterogeneity and environmental factors. The aging rate is measured as the decline of functional capacity and stress resistance. Therefore, several attempts have been made to analyse the individual age, ( so-called biological age) compared to chronological age. The biomarkers of aging are age-related body function or composition, these markers aim to assess the biological age and predict the onset of age-related diseases and/or residual lifetime. Such biomarkers should help in one hand to chara…
Insulin pathway and its correlation with ageing and longevity
2014
Ageing is unavoidable and leads to the reduction of the ability to adapt to the environment, involving the organism at all levels. Approximately 25% of the overall variation in human lifespan can be attributed to genetic factors, which become more relevant for extreme longevity. A “favourable” genetic background is essential to live longer. Longevity depends on the survival after reproduction and genes that lead to longevity are “survival genes” rather than “longevity genes”. But human population is very heterogeneous because of the different genetic background and different environmental stimuli thus it has not been yet possible to identify a clear panel of biomarkers of ageing and longevi…