Search results for "Inflammatory cytokine"
showing 10 items of 464 documents
OP0299 Serum and glomerular expression of IL32 in lupus nephritis
2017
Background Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most severe features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Several cytokines and chemokines are secreted locally in case of glomerular inflammation. Interleukin 32 (IL32) is a newly described cytokine that exhibits several properties typical of proinflammatory cytokines. Ex vivo and in vitro studies supported the role of Toll like receptors (TLRs) in LN pathogenesis and recent investigations demonstrated that Poly I:C, a ligand for (TLR) 3, strongly induced IL32 production from several cell populations. Objectives To investigate serum and urinary levels of IL32 in a cohort of LN patients compared to SLE patients without renal involvement and he…
Mucosal T cells: mediators or guardians of inflammatory bowel disease?
2003
Because the mucosal immune system is continuously exposed to a myriad of potentially harmful environmental antigens, it frequently reacts with antiinflammatory/regulatory T cell responses driven by TGF-β-producing T H 3 cells and IL-10-producing regulatory T cells. Intestinal inflammation in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases is thought to result from an overwhelming uncontrolled activation of the mucosal immune system induced by antigens of the normal luminal flora in genetically susceptible individuals. Inflammatory bowel disease appears to be mediated by subsets of CD4 + T lymphocytes or NK T cells secreting high levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α. The increased exp…
Leptin: A pivotal mediator of intestinal inflammation in mice
2002
Abstract Background & Aims: In addition to acting as a regulator of food intake and energy expenditure, leptin can also modulate immune and inflammatory responses. The role of leptin in intestinal inflammation is the focus of the present study. Methods: Acute and chronic colitis were induced in leptin-deficient ob/ob or wild-type (WT) mice using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). The severity of colitis was evaluated, and possible mechanisms were studied. Results: Leptin directly stimulates intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMCs). In the DSS acute model, ob/ob mice exhibited a 72% reduction of colitis severity and sp…
Voluntary distance running prevents TNF-mediated liver injury in mice through alterations of the intrahepatic immune milieu
2017
AbstractPhysical activity confers a broad spectrum of health benefits. Beyond the obvious role in metabolically driven diseases, the role of physical activity in acute liver injury is poorly explored. To study the role of physical activity in acute liver injury, a novel model of voluntary distance running in mice was developed and mice were subjected to acute liver injury induced by N-galactosamine (GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Analyses included histological stains, immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and FACS analysis. Voluntary distance running increased to an average of 10.3 km/day after a learning curve. Running lead to a decrease in the absolute numbers of intrahepatic CD4+ T and B lymphocy…
Hop-derived fraction rich in beta acids and prenylflavonoids regulates the inflammatory response in dendritic cells differently from quercetin: unvei…
2021
Dendritic cells (DCs) represent a heterogeneous family of immune cells that link innate and adaptive immunity and their activation is linked to metabolic changes that are essential to support their activity and function. Hence, targeting the metabolism of DCs represents an opportunity to modify the inflammatory and immune response. Among the natural matrices, Humulus lupulus (Hop) compounds have recently been shown to exhibit immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of specific Hop fractions to modulate DCs metabolism after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by an untargeted metabolomics approach and compare their effect with flavonol …
TLR2, TLR4 and Dectin-1 signalling in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells determines the antifungal phenotype of the macrophages they produce
2016
TLRs represent an attractive target for the stimulation of myeloid cell production by HSPCs. We have previously demonstrated that HSPCs use TLR2 to sense Candida albicans in vivo and induce the production of macrophages. In this work, we used an in vitro model of HSPCs differentiation to investigate the functional consequences for macrophages of exposure of HSPCs to various PAMPs and C. albicans cells. Mouse HSPCs (Lin(-) cells) were cultured with M-CSF to induce macrophage differentiation, in the presence or absence of the following PRR agonists: Pam3CSK4 (TLR2 ligand), LPS (TLR4 ligand), depleted zymosan (which only activates Dectin-1), or C. albicans yeasts (which activate several PRRs, …
Targeted fibre-optical intrabronchial lipopolysaccharide administration in pigs – a methodical refinement for improved accuracy in respiratory resear…
2019
To establish and evaluate a standardized method of targeted, intrabronchial drug delivery in pigs.Randomized controlled trial.A total of 16 German Landrace pigs (Sus scrofa), age range 12‒16 weeks, and weighing 28‒35 kg.The animals were anaesthetized, intubated, and instrumented with extended cardiovascular monitoring. Lung injury was induced by administering via a flexible fibre-optic endoscope using 100 mL saline solution containing either 20 mg of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (E. coli LPS) (n = 8) or no additive (sham, n = 8) into the two distal mainstem bronchi. The animals were monitored for 8 hours and arterial oxygenation, inspiratory pressure and arterial blood pressure were …
Alkaline Phosphatase: Keeping the Peace at the Gut Epithelial Surface
2007
Vertebrates harbor abundant lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or endotoxin in their gut microbiota. Here we demonstrate that the brush border enzyme intestinal alkaline phosphatase (Iap), which dephosphorylates LPS, is induced during establishment of the microbiota and plays a crucial role in promoting mucosal tolerance to gut bacteria in zebrafish. We demonstrate that Iap deficient animals are hypersensitive to LPS toxicity through a mechanism mediated by Myd88 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor (Tnfr). We further show that the endogenous microbiota establish the normal homeostatic level of neutrophils in the intestine through a process involving Myd88 and Tnfr. Iap deficient animals exhibit excess…
Ciona intestinalis interleukin 17-like genes expression is upregulated by LPS challenge
2015
In humans, IL-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that plays a key role in the clearance of extracellular bacteria promoting cell infiltration and production of several cytokines and chemokines. Here, we report on three Ciona intestinalis IL-17 homologues (CiIL17-1, CiIL17-2, CiIL17-3). The gene organisation, phylogenetic tree and modelling supported the close relationship with the mammalian IL-17A and IL-17F suggesting that the C. intestinalis IL-17 genes share a common ancestor in the chordate lineages. Real time PCR analysis showed a prompt expression induced by LPS inoculation suggesting that they are involved in the first phase of inflammatory response. In situ hybridization assays disclo…
Mitochondrial G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 regulates proinflammatory responses in macrophages.
2013
G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) levels are elevated in inflammation but its role is not clear yet. Here we show that GRK2 expression is dependent on NFκB transcriptional activity. In macrophages, LPS induces GRK2 accumulation in mitochondria increasing biogenesis. The overexpression of the carboxy-terminal domain of GRK2 (βARK-ct), known to displace GRK2 from plasma membranes, in macrophages induces earlier localization of GRK2 in mitochondria in response to LPS leading to increased mt-DNA transcription, reduced ROS production and cytokines expression. Our study shows the relevance of GRK2 subcellular localization in macrophage’s biology and its potential therapeutic properties i…