Search results for "Inflorescence"
showing 10 items of 68 documents
Towards an ontogenetic understanding of inflorescence diversity
2013
Backgrounds and aims Conceptual and terminological conflicts in inflorescence morphology indicate a lack of understanding of the phenotypic diversity of inflorescences. In this study, an ontogeny-based inflorescence concept is presented considering different meristem types and developmental pathways. By going back to the ontogenetic origin, diversity is reduced to a limited number of types and terms. Methods Species from 105 genera in 52 angiosperm families are investigated to identify their specific reproductive meristems and developmental pathways. Based on these studies, long-term experience with inflorescences and literature research, a conceptual framework for the understanding of infl…
Pollination and reproductive success of two colour variants of a deceptive orchid, Dactylorhiza maculata (Orchidaceae)
2002
Polymorphism in petal colour is common in deceptively pollinated plant species. Most of the deceptively pollinated orchids are food frauds, and in most of them, the deception is not mimetic. These plants have conspicuously coloured flowers which they use as the main attractant of naive pollinators. In a field experiment, we studied the response of bumblebees and other types of flower visitors to colour differences between experimentally paired plants of Dactylorhiza maculata, a nectarless food-deceptive species. In addition, pollen removal, an estimate of male fitness, and fruit production, an estimate of female fitness, were measured in the two colour variants. We found a trend of bumblebe…
Position-dependent reproductive success of flowers in Dactylorhiza maculata (Orchidaceae)
2000
1. This study explores the importance of flower position for reproductive success of individual flowers of the deceptive terrestrial orchid, Dactylorhiza maculata (L.) Soo. 2. Upper flowers had smaller lips and produced lighter pollinia than those in other parts of the inflorescence, probably due to architectural effects. 3. Dry weight of seed capsules decreased from bottom to top in the inflorescence in both open-pollinated and hand-pollinated plants. However, removal of flowers from the middle and lowest parts of the inflorescence considerably increased seed production of the upper flowers. Decreased seed set was due to decreased resource availability because of the long maintenance time …
Nutrient versus pollination limitation in Platanthera bifolia and Dactylorhiza incarnata (Orchidaceae)
2000
Availability of resources and pollination services have been demonstrated to have impact on reproductive success in some orchid species, but to our knowledge no studies have examined the effects of nutrient application and pollination limitation in the same experiment. In this study, factors limiting reproductive success were studied with two terrestrial orchid species in Central Finland during 1996 and 1997. In a field experiment using a factorial design, plants of nectar-producing Platanthera bifolia and nectarless Dactylorhiza incarnata were treated with nutrient application and hand-pollination. Inflorescence size was considered as an indicator of attractiveness to pollinators as well a…
A new subspecies ofArenaria grandiflora (Caryophyllaceae) from the Rif mountains (Northern Morocco)
2002
A new subspecies,A. grandiflora subsp.gomarica (Caryophyllaceae), is described from the mountains of northern Morocco. The new taxon is tetraploid and has been confused in the past either with the Balearic endemicA. grandiflora subsp.glabrescens or with the widespreadA. grandiflora subsp.grandiflora, which is also present in the African continent. Detailed morphological analysis showed that plants from the Rif mountains are closely related toA. grandiflora subsp.glabrescens, but differ from it in having a longer calyx, smaller seed size, and a glandular indument on pedicels, leaves and calyx.Arenaria grandiflora subsp.gomarica can be distinguished from all infraspecific taxa of theA. grandi…
Transcriptomic Analysis of the Pistacia vera (L.) Fruits Enable the Identification of Genes and Hormone-Related Gene Linked to Inflorescence Bud Absc…
2021
Pistacia vera (L.) is an alternate bearing species. The tree produces axillary inflorescence buds every year. Still, they abscise in “ON” overloaded shoots, causing a limited production in the following “OFF” year, causing a significant and unfavorable production fluctuation. In this work, we carried out de novo discovery and transcriptomic analysis in fruits of “ON” and “OFF” shoots of the cultivar Bianca. We also investigated whether the fruit signaling pathway and hormone biosynthesis directly or indirectly linked to the premature fall of the inflorescence buds causing alternate bearing. We identified 1536 differentially expressed genes (DE…
Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Commercial
2019
Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L. Family Cannabaceae) contains a vast number of bioactive relevant compounds, namely polyphenols including flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenol amides, and lignanamides, well known for their therapeutic properties. Nowadays, many polyphenols-containing products made of herbal extracts are marketed, claiming to exert health-promoting effects. In this context, industrial hemp inflorescence may represent an innovative source of bioactive compounds to be used in nutraceutical formulations. The aim of this work was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the polyphenolic fraction contained in polar extracts of four different commercial cultivars (Kompoti, Tiborszal…
Wuchsform und Organisation vonMonsonia nivea (Geraniaceae) unter besonderer Ber�cksichtigung der Blattstieldornen
1979
Monsonia nivea is a hemicryptophyte which shows spiny petioles after the loss of leaf blades. Anthocladial inflorescences and their supporting vegetative parts are spineless. Spines are formed only by vigorous rosettes. Similar spiny petioles can be found in all other genera of the tribeGeranieae.
Testing the ontogenetic base for the transient model of inflorescence development
2013
† Backgrounds and Aims: Current research in plant science has concentrated on revealing ontogenetic processes of key attributes in plant evolution. One recently discussed model is the ‘transient model’ successful in explaining some types of inflorescence architectures based on two main principles: the decline of the so called ‘vegetativeness’ (veg) factor and the transient nature of apical meristems in developing inflorescences. This study examines whether both principles find a concrete ontogenetic correlate in inflorescence development. † Methods: To test the ontogenetic base of veg decline and the transient character of apical meristems the ontogeny of meristematic size in developing inf…
Forced Flowering in Mandarin Trees Under Phytotron Conditions
2019
[EN] Phytotron has been widely used to assess the effect of numerous parameters on the development of many species. However, less information is available on how to achieve fast profuse flowering in young fruit trees with this plant growth chamber. This study aimed to outline the design and performance of a fast clear methodology to force flowering in young mandarin trees (cv. Nova and cv. Clemenules) and to analyze the influence of induction intensity on inflorescence type. The combination of a short water stress period with simulated spring conditions (day 13 h, 22 °C, night 11 h, 12 °C) in the phytotron allowed flowers to be obtained only after 68-72 days from the time the experiment beg…