Search results for "Information Science"

showing 10 items of 3627 documents

Full and Partial Agonism of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors Indicated by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

2011

Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are synaptic proteins that facilitate signal transmission in the central nervous system. Extracellular iGluR cleft closure is linked to receptor activation; however, the mechanism underlying partial agonism is not entirely understood. Full agonists close the bilobed ligand-binding domain (LBD), while antagonists prevent closure; the transmembrane ion channel either opens or stays closed, respectively. Although some bulky partial agonists produce intermediate iGluR-LBD closure, the available crystal structures also imply that the cleft can be shut with certain partial agonists. Recently, we have shown that the iGluR-LBD closure stage can be recreated b…

Binding SitesProtein ConformationStereochemistryChemistryGeneral Chemical EngineeringGlutamate receptorHydrogen BondingGeneral ChemistryMolecular Dynamics SimulationLibrary and Information SciencesNeurotransmissionCrystallography X-RayLigandsReceptors Ionotropic GlutamateLigand (biochemistry)Partial agonistTransmembrane proteinComputer Science ApplicationsBiophysicsReceptorIon channelProtein BindingIonotropic effectJournal of Chemical Information and Modeling
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Scientometric portrait of biochemist Santiago Grisolia: publication productivity, collaboration patterns, and citation analysis

2014

Santiago Grisolía has made numerous scientific discoveries and contributions of great relevance to the advancement of biochemistry and molecular biology, particularly in the field of enzymology in the metabolism of nitrogen related to the urea cycle and the impoverishment of pyrimidines. This article analyses, by means of bibliometrics indicators and social network analysis, his professional career, comparing the results obtained with the patterns of scientific activity of other distinguished researchers. The main findings of the study carried out are as follows: the evolution of his scientific productivity shows an initial period in which the growth is slow or moderate, followed by a fast …

BiochemistPortraitCitation analysisSociologyLibrary and Information SciencesSocial scienceBibliometricsCitationSocial network analysisProductivityScientific productivityEducationResearch Evaluation
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Fast comparison of DNA sequences by oligonucleotide profiling

2008

Provisional abstact and full-text PDF files correspond to the article as it appeared upon acceptance. Fully formatted PDF and final abstract will be made available soon.

BioinformaticsFast speedADNOligonucleotide Profilinglcsh:MedicineGenomicsComputational biologyBiologyBioinformaticsGenomeGeneral Biochemistry Genetics and Molecular BiologyDNA sequencingConserved sequencechemistry.chemical_compoundTechnical NoteProfiling (information science)lcsh:Science (General)lcsh:QH301-705.5Medicine(all)OligonucleotideBiochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)lcsh:RGenomicsGeneral MedicineGenòmicaUVWORDchemistrylcsh:Biology (General)DNA sequence comparisonComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSINGDNAlcsh:Q1-390BMC Research Notes
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Textual data compression in computational biology: Algorithmic techniques

2012

Abstract In a recent review [R. Giancarlo, D. Scaturro, F. Utro, Textual data compression in computational biology: a synopsis, Bioinformatics 25 (2009) 1575–1586] the first systematic organization and presentation of the impact of textual data compression for the analysis of biological data has been given. Its main focus was on a systematic presentation of the key areas of bioinformatics and computational biology where compression has been used together with a technical presentation of how well-known notions from information theory have been adapted to successfully work on biological data. Rather surprisingly, the use of data compression is pervasive in computational biology. Starting from…

Biological dataData Compression Theory and Practice Alignment-free sequence comparison Entropy Huffman coding Hidden Markov Models Kolmogorov complexity Lempel–Ziv compressors Minimum Description Length principle Pattern discovery in bioinformatics Reverse engineering of biological networks Sequence alignmentSettore INF/01 - InformaticaGeneral Computer ScienceKolmogorov complexityComputer scienceSearch engine indexingComputational biologyInformation theoryInformation scienceTheoretical Computer ScienceTechnical PresentationEntropy (information theory)Data compressionComputer Science Review
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Identification of biomarkers in wastewater-based epidemiology: Main approaches and analytical methods

2021

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become popular to estimate the use of drugs of abuse and recently to establish the incidence of CoVID 19 in large cities. However, its possibilities have been expanded recently as a technique that allows to establish a fingerprint of the characteristics of a city, such as state of health/disease, healthy/unhealthy living habits, exposure to different types of contaminants, etc. with respect to other cities. This has been thanks to the identification of human biomarkers as well as to the fingerprinting and profiling of the characteristics of the wastewater catchment that determine these circumstances. The purpose of this review is to analyze the differ…

Biomarker identificationDrugs of abuseScope (project management)Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Computer scienceFingerprint (computing)Wastewater based epidemiologyTop-downWater profilingArticleAnalytical ChemistryIdentification (information)Risk analysis (engineering)Profiling (information science)Bottom-upChemical miningSpectroscopyWater fingerprinting
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The rise of the middle author: Investigating collaboration and division of labor in biomedical research using partial alphabetical authorship

2017

Contemporary biomedical research is performed by increasingly large teams. Consequently, an increasingly large number of individuals are being listed as authors in the bylines, which complicates the proper attribution of credit and responsibility to individual authors. Typically, more importance is given to the first and last authors, while it is assumed that the others (the middle authors) have made smaller contributions. However, this may not properly reflect the actual division of labor because some authors other than the first and last may have made major contributions. In practice, research teams may differentiate the main contributors from the rest by using partial alphabetical author…

Biomedical ResearchEconomicslcsh:MedicineSocial SciencesDatabase and Informatics MethodsMathematical and Statistical TechniquesMedicine and Health SciencesMedicinePsychologyAlphabetical orderCooperative Behaviorlcsh:ScienceLanguageMultidisciplinaryCareers05 social sciencesResearch AssessmentPublic relationsResearch PersonnelResearch DesignPublishingPhysical SciencesListing (finance)Information Technology050904 information & library sciencesSequence AnalysisStatistics (Mathematics)Period (music)Division of labourResearch ArticleEmploymentComputer and Information SciencesBioinformaticsBibliometricsResearch and Analysis Methods050905 science studiesDatabasesHumansStatistical MethodsPublishingOperationalizationbusiness.industryField (Bourdieu)lcsh:RCognitive PsychologyBiology and Life SciencesRelational DatabasesAuthorshipBibliometricsLabor EconomicsCognitive Sciencelcsh:QClinical Medicine0509 other social sciencesAttributionbusinessMathematicsForecastingNeurosciencePLOS ONE
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Temperature-induced microstructural changes in shells of laboratory-grown Arctica islandica (Bivalvia).

2021

Bivalve shells are increasingly used as archives for high-resolution paleoclimate analyses. However, there is still an urgent need for quantitative temperature proxies that work without knowledge of the water chemistry–as is required for δ18O-based paleothermometry–and can better withstand diagenetic overprint. Recently, microstructural properties have been identified as a potential candidate fulfilling these requirements. So far, only few different microstructure categories (nacreous, prismatic and crossed-lamellar) of some short-lived species have been studied in detail, and in all such studies, the size and/or shape of individual biomineral units was found to increase with water temperat…

BiomineralizationAtmospheric Science010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciencesPhysiologyScanning electron microscopeArctica islandica010502 geochemistry & geophysicsBiochemistry01 natural sciencesMachine LearningMaterials PhysicsPhase (matter)Image Processing Computer-AssistedElectron MicroscopyMicrostructureClimatologyMicroscopyMultidisciplinaryAgricultural and Biological Sciences(all)biologyPhysicsQTemperatureREukaryotaSoftware EngineeringMicrostructureAdaptation PhysiologicalDiagenesisPhysical SciencesEngineering and TechnologyMedicineScanning Electron MicroscopyPaleotemperaturePorosityResearch ArticleBivalvesComputer and Information SciencesMaterials scienceBaltic SeaImaging TechniquesScienceMaterials ScienceShell (structure)MineralogyResearch and Analysis MethodsComputer SoftwareAnimal ShellsBodies of waterAnimalsPaleoclimatologyGeneralArctica islandica0105 earth and related environmental sciencesBiochemistry Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)MorphometryOrganismsPaleontologyWaterBiology and Life SciencesMolluscsbiology.organism_classificationBivalviaInvertebratesBivalviaMarine and aquatic sciencesEarth sciencesMicroscopy Electron ScanningLaboratoriesPhysiological ProcessesZoologySoftwareGenetics and Molecular Biology(all)BiomineralizationPLoS ONE
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On the decomposition of prefix codes

2017

Abstract In this paper we focus on the decomposition of rational and maximal prefix codes. We present an effective procedure that allows us to decide whether such a code is decomposable. In this case, the procedure also produces the factors of some of its decompositions. We also give partial results on the problem of deciding whether a rational maximal prefix code decomposes over a finite prefix code.

Block codePrefix codeGeneral Computer ScienceComputer science0102 computer and information sciences02 engineering and technologyPrefix grammarKraft's inequality01 natural sciencesPrefix codeTheoretical Computer SciencePrefix codes; Finite automata; Composition of codesComposition of codes0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineeringDiscrete mathematicsSelf-synchronizing codeFinite-state machineSettore INF/01 - InformaticaComputer Science (all)Rational languageLinear codePrefixComposition of code010201 computation theory & mathematicsPrefix codes020201 artificial intelligence & image processingFinite automataComputer Science::Formal Languages and Automata Theory
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Dynamic Community Detection for Brain Functional Networks during Music Listening with Block Component Analysis

2023

Publisher Copyright: Author The human brain can be described as a complex network of functional connections between distinct regions, referred to as the brain functional network. Recent studies show that the functional network is a dynamic process and its community structure evolves with time during continuous task performance. Consequently, it is important for the understanding of the human brain to develop dynamic community detection techniques for such time-varying functional networks. Here, we propose a temporal clustering framework based on a set of network generative models and surprisingly it can be linked to Block Component Analysis to detect and track the latent community structure…

Brain modelingmodule detectionBiomedical EngineeringTensorsblock term decompositiondynamic community detectiontensor decompositiontensorsInternal MedicineAnalytical modelsgenerative modelHidden Markov modelsaivotutkimusEEGhidden Markov modelsGeneral Neurosciencefeature extractionbrain connectivityRehabilitation3112 Neurosciencesanalytical modelsElectroencephalographybrain modeling113 Computer and information sciencesTask analysistask analysisFeature extractionaivotelectroencephalography
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Extropy: Complementary Dual of Entropy

2015

This article provides a completion to theories of information based on entropy, resolving a longstanding question in its axiomatization as proposed by Shannon and pursued by Jaynes. We show that Shannon's entropy function has a complementary dual function which we call "extropy." The entropy and the extropy of a binary distribution are identical. However, the measure bifurcates into a pair of distinct measures for any quantity that is not merely an event indicator. As with entropy, the maximum extropy distribution is also the uniform distribution, and both measures are invariant with respect to permutations of their mass functions. However, they behave quite differently in their assessments…

Bregman divergenceFOS: Computer and information sciencesStatistics and ProbabilitySettore MAT/06 - Probabilita' E Statistica MatematicaKullback–Leibler divergenceComputer Science - Information TheoryGeneral MathematicsFOS: Physical sciencesBinary numberMathematics - Statistics TheoryStatistics Theory (math.ST)Kullback–Leibler divergenceBregman divergenceproper scoring rulesGini index of heterogeneityDifferential entropyBinary entropy functionFOS: MathematicsEntropy (information theory)Statistical physicsDual functionAxiomMathematicsdifferential and relative entropy/extropy Kullback- Leibler divergence Bregman divergence duality proper scoring rules Gini index of heterogeneity repeat rate.Settore ING-INF/05 - Sistemi Di Elaborazione Delle InformazioniDifferential and relative entropy/extropyInformation Theory (cs.IT)Probability (math.PR)repeat ratePhysics - Data Analysis Statistics and ProbabilitydualityStatistics Probability and UncertaintySettore SECS-S/01 - StatisticaMathematics - ProbabilityData Analysis Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)Statistical Science
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