Search results for "Information Systems."
showing 10 items of 1545 documents
ECCOLA : a Method for Implementing Ethically Aligned AI Systems
2020
Various recent Artificial Intelligence (AI) system failures, some of which have made the global headlines, have highlighted issues in these systems. These failures have resulted in calls for more ethical AI systems that better take into account their effects on various stakeholders. However, implementing AI ethics into practice is still an on-going challenge. High-level guidelines for doing so exist, devised by governments and private organizations alike, but lack practicality for developers. To address this issue, in this paper, we present a method for implementing AI ethics. The method, ECCOLA, has been iteratively developed using a cyclical action design research approach. The method aim…
Surrogate outcomes and transportability
2019
Identification of causal effects is one of the most fundamental tasks of causal inference. We consider an identifiability problem where some experimental and observational data are available but neither data alone is sufficient for the identification of the causal effect of interest. Instead of the outcome of interest, surrogate outcomes are measured in the experiments. This problem is a generalization of identifiability using surrogate experiments and we label it as surrogate outcome identifiability. We show that the concept of transportability provides a sufficient criteria for determining surrogate outcome identifiability for a large class of queries.
Low-Power Audio Keyword Spotting using Tsetlin Machines
2021
The emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) driven Keyword Spotting (KWS) technologies has revolutionized human to machine interaction. Yet, the challenge of end-to-end energy efficiency, memory footprint and system complexity of current Neural Network (NN) powered AI-KWS pipelines has remained ever present. This paper evaluates KWS utilizing a learning automata powered machine learning algorithm called the Tsetlin Machine (TM). Through significant reduction in parameter requirements and choosing logic over arithmetic based processing, the TM offers new opportunities for low-power KWS while maintaining high learning efficacy. In this paper we explore a TM based keyword spotting (KWS) pipe…
Rolling or Scrolling? The Effect of Content Type on Habitual Use of Facebook
2020
The paper investigates how content type (i.e., hedonic and utilitarian content) is related to satisfaction, habitual use, use intensity and discontinued use intentions in the context of social media services. The research model was empirically tested using a survey study (n = 142) that was conducted among Facebook users. The results show that hedonic content is a strong predictor of habitual use of and satisfaction with Facebook. In turn, utilitarian content has a positive effect on satisfaction; however, it does not significantly affect habitual use. Additionally, habit affects use intensity more than satisfaction but has no significant effect on discontinued use intention. These results s…
The General Routing Problem polyhedron: Facets from the RPP and GTSP polyhedra
1998
[EN] In this paper we study the polyhedron associated with the General Routing Problem (GRP). This problem, first introduced by Orloff in 1974, is a generalization of both the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) and the Graphical Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP) and, thus, is NP -hard. We describe a formulation of the problem such that from every non-trivial facet-inducing inequality for the RPP and GTSP polyhedra, we obtain facet-inducing inequalities for the GRP polyhedron, We describe a new family of facet-inducing inequalities for the GRP, the honeycomb constraints, which seem to be very useful for solving GRP and RPP instances. Finally, new classes of facets obtained by composition of facet-i…
Fair Pairwise Learning to Rank
2020
Ranking algorithms based on Neural Networks have been a topic of recent research. Ranking is employed in everyday applications like product recommendations, search results, or even in finding good candidates for hiring. However, Neural Networks are mostly opaque tools, and it is hard to evaluate why a specific candidate, for instance, was not considered. Therefore, for neural-based ranking methods to be trustworthy, it is crucial to guarantee that the outcome is fair and that the decisions are not discriminating people according to sensitive attributes such as gender, sexual orientation, or ethnicity.In this work we present a family of fair pairwise learning to rank approaches based on Neur…
Remote sensing and climate data as a key for understanding fasciolosis transmission in the Andes: review and update of an ongoing interdisciplinary p…
2006
Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica in various South American countries located on the slopes of the Andes has been recognized as an important public health problem. However, the importance of this zoonotic hepatic parasite was neglected until the last decade. Countries such as Peru and Bolivia are considered to be hyperendemic areas for human and animal fasciolosis, and other countries such as Chile, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela are also affected. At the beginning of the 1990s a multidisciplinary project was launched with the aim to shed light on the problems related to this parasitic disease in the Northern Bolivian Altiplano. A few years later, a geographic information system (GIS…
A Survey on Proxy Mobile IPv6 Handover
2016
[EN] As wireless technologies have been improving in recent years, a mobility management mechanism is required to provide seamless and ubiquitous mobility for end users who are roaming among points of attachment in wireless networks. Thus, Mobile IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to support the mobility service. However, Mobile IPv6 is unable to fulfill the requirements of real-time applications, such as video streaming service and voice over IP service, due to its high handover (HO) latency. To address this problem, Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) has been introduced by the IETF. In PMIPv6, which is a network-based approach, the serving network controls mobility m…
CitySearcher: A City Search Engine For Interests
2017
We introduce CitySearcher, a vertical search engine that searches for cities when queried for an interest. Generally in search engines, utilization of semantics between words is favorable for performance improvement. Even though ambiguous query words have multiple semantic meanings, search engines can return diversified results to satisfy different users' information needs. But for CitySearcher, mismatched semantic relationships can lead to extremely unsatisfactory results. For example, the city Sale would incorrectly rank high for the interest shopping because of semantic interpretations of the words. Thus in our system, the main challenge is to eliminate the mismatched semantic relationsh…
More restrictive Gray codes for some classes of pattern avoiding permutations
2009
In a recent article [W.M.B. Dukes, M.F. Flanagan, T. Mansour, V. Vajnovszki, Combinatorial Gray codes for classes of pattern avoiding permutations, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 396 (2008) 35-49], Dukes, Flanagan, Mansour and Vajnovszki present Gray codes for several families of pattern avoiding permutations. In their Gray codes two consecutive objects differ in at most four or five positions, which is not optimal. In this paper, we present a unified construction in order to refine their results (or to find other Gray codes). In particular, we obtain more restrictive Gray codes for the two Wilf classes of Catalan permutations of length n; two consecutive objects differ in at most two or three posit…