Search results for "Information systems"

Decentralised trust-management inspired by ant pheromones

2017

Computational trust is increasingly utilised to select interaction partners in open technical systems consisting of heterogeneous, autonomous agents. Current approaches rely on centralised elements for managing trust ratings (i.e. control and provide access to aggregated ratings). Consider a grid computing application as illustrating example: agents share their computing resources and cooperate in terms of processing computing jobs. These agents are free to join and leave, and they decide on their own with whom to interact. The impact of malicious or uncooperative agents can be countered by only cooperating with agents that have shown to be benevolent: trust relationships are established. T…

Text mining and expert curation to develop a database on psychiatric diseases and their genes

2017

Psychiatric disorders constitute one of the main causes of disability worldwide. During the past years, considerable research has been conducted on the genetic architecture of such diseases, although little understanding of their etiology has been achieved. The difficulty to access up-to-date, relevant genotype-phenotype information has hampered the application of this wealth of knowledge to translational research and clinical practice in order to improve diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric patients. PsyGeNET (http://www.psygenet.org/) has been developed with the aim of supporting research on the genetic architecture of psychiatric diseases, by providing integrated and structured accessi…

The Software Crisis of Synthetic Biology

2016

In fifteen years, Synthetic Biology (SB) has moved from proof-of-concept designs to several flagship achievements. Standardisation efforts are still under way, basic engineering concepts such as modularity and orthogonality are still controversial in biology, and making predictions from computer models is still unreliable. A deep characterization in the pattern of re-use of biological blocks in SB has not been attempted to date. We have compared the topological organisation of two different technological networks, one associated to a standard, large-scale software repository and the second provided by the Registry of Standard Biological Parts (RSBP). Our results strongly suggest that softwa…

2020

Hierarchy and centrality are two popular notions used to characterize the importance of entities in complex systems. Indeed, many complex systems exhibit a natural hierarchical structure, and centrality is a fundamental characteristic allowing to identify key constituents. Several measures based on various aspects of network topology have been proposed in order to quantify these concepts. While numerous studies have investigated whether centrality measures convey redundant information, how centrality and hierarchy measures are related is still an open issue. In this paper, we investigate the association between centrality and hierarchy using several correlation and similarity evaluation mea…

Comunicación política y discursos sobre el poder

2017

Se analizan los principales enfoques teoricos vinculados con el estudio de la comunicacion politica, entendida como la interaccion entre partidos politicos, medios de comunicacion y ciudadanos. Se resumen en dos grandes corrientes: por un lado, los estudios que ponen el enfasis en la mediatizacion de la politica, esto es, la adecuacion de los mensajes politicos al discurso, estrategias, intereses y logica de los medios de comunicacion. Por otro, las escuelas y enfoques que advierten de la dependencia de los medios de comunicacion respecto de actores externos, asi como de su perdida de influencia y peso especifico en los ultimos anos.

Methodological Approach for Identifying Mechanisms in ICT4D: A Critical Realism Perspective

2017

Part 4: Social Mechanisms of ICT-Enabled Development; International audience; The ontological questions ‘What is ICT?’ and ‘What is development?’ are described and documented in literature. Similarly, methodological approaches for understanding how ICT leads to development or for measuring the impact of ICT are described. However, explaining ‘why’ ICT works or not in the contexts of developing countries needs further investigation. We propose a critical realism based methodological approach for answering the above mentioned ‘why’-question. The core of a critical realism based approach is to identify the underlying mechanism(s) that may explain a phenomenon of why ICT leads to development. W…

Vigilar y castigar: el papel de militares, policías y guardias civiles en la comunicación de la crisis del Covid-19 en España

2020

Se analiza el papel de las Fuerzas Armadas y las Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad del Estado españolas como actores y como recurso discursivo en la comunicación del Gobierno español durante la crisis del Covid-19. El análisis abarca dos cuestiones complementarias. Por una parte, la presencia de militares, policías y guardias civiles en los medios de comunicación y en las ruedas de prensa diarias del Comité de Gestión Técnica de la crisis del coronavirus desde el Gobierno español. Por otra parte, el discurso en Twitter de los principales protagonistas políticos de la crisis en España: los líderes de los cinco partidos de ámbito nacional con grupo parlamentario (PSOE, PP, Vox, Unidas Podemos y …

Fujisawa Sustainable Smart Town: Panasonic’s Challenge in Building a Sustainable Society

2018

Sensorial discourse and corpus in the digital humanities era: The example of the wine language

2019

International audience; This article intends to define sensorial discourses, to discuss the way they should be analyzed by stressing the importance of corpora. Putting these thoughts into the context of the digital revolution, it will show how corpora should evolve in the digital humanities. The association of digital and sensorial discourses needs to be clarified and this article proposes a way to find new approaches to better analyze them.

ICT Barriers and Critical Success Factors in Developing Countries

2013

Since the early 1990s, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been perceived as a catalyst for development. However, the UNICEF State of the World’s Children Report 2011 acknowledges that the poor in many developing countries remain largely excluded from ICT and its benefits. This paper aims to address three issues. Firstly, identify ICT barriers in the literature from 2000 to 2011. Secondly, identify ICT barriers through empirical findings and thirdly, categorize these barriers into critical success factors. These aims are achieved by comparing the findings in the literature to our recent empirical results. Two methodologies are used in this study, namely, a systematic literatu…