Search results for "Infusions"
showing 10 items of 168 documents
Tolerability and efficacy of high-dose furosemide and small-volume hypertonic saline solution in refractory congestive heart failure
2000
Thirty patients aged 65-85 years, with refractory New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV congestive heart failure (CHF) were treated with an intravenous infusion of furosemide (250-2000 mg/d) and small-volume hypertonic saline solution (150 mL of 1.4-4.6% NaCl) twice a day for 6 to 12 days. A daily fluid oral intake of 1000 mL and previous cardiac therapy were maintained. Clinical signs and symptoms of CHF, such as dyspnea, edema and weakness, improved, as did severity of illness as defined by NYHA class. The infusion was well tolerated. After a 12-month follow-up, 24 patients (80%) were alive and in the NYHA class assigned on discharge from the hospital. This therapeutic combination is…
Calculation of the pH and the titratable acidity in clinically used infusion solutions.
2006
Clinically used infusion solutions are complex aqueous mixtures composed of a variety of different salts, acids, and non-electrolytes, and are characterized by composition, initial pH, and titratable acidity (TA). By rigorous treatment as a multi-composed acid-base system, pH and TA were calculated from proton dissociation equilibria, mass balance equations and electroneutrality condition. Nine were arbitrarily chosen as model solutions in which pH and TA were experimentally determined. From composition, and based on a set of apparent acidity constants (pK values) at 37 degrees C and total ionic strength 0.155 mol/l, pH was calculated by iteration. In the model solutions, measured pH was in…
Acute changes of systemic parameters in tumour-bearing rats, and of tumour glucose, lactate, and ATP levels upon local hyperthermia and/or hyperglyca…
1991
Arterial blood pressure and relevant parameters of the arterial blood (O2 and CO2 tensions, pH, haematocrit, serum electrolytes and osmolality) were determined in tumour-bearing rats upon local hyperthermia (HT) and/or hyperglycaemia (HG). Tumour heating was performed in a saline bath (44 degrees C) for 120 min; hyperglycaemia was induced by i.v. infusion of 40% glucose solution for 150 min [blood glucose levels: 35-40 mM during heating; total amount of glucose: 1.19 g/100 g body wt.; infusion rates: 0.31 ml (100 g body wt.)-1 min-1 for 2 min, 0.02 ml (100 g body wt.)-1 min-1 for 88 min, and 0.01 ml (100 g body wt.)-1 min-1 for 60 min]. Immediately after treatment, glucose, lactate and ATP …
The Impact of Amino Acids on Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Kinetics in Humans
2020
Different amino acids (AAs) may exert distinct effects on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations. A quantitative comparison of the effects of AAs on glucose and insulin kinetics in humans is currently lacking. PubMed was queried to identify intervention studies reporting glucose and insulin concentrations after acute ingestion and/or intravenous infusion of AAs in healthy adults and those living with obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The systematic literature search identified 55 studies that examined the effects of l-leucine, l-isoleucine, l-alanine, l-glutamine, l-arginine, l-lysine, glycine, l-proline, l-phenylalanine, l-glutamate, branched-chain AAs (i.e., l-leucine, l-iso…
A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of iron isomaltoside 1000 (Monofer®), a new intravenous iron preparation and its clinical impli…
2011
Abstract The treatment of iron deficiency anemia with polynuclear iron formulations is an established therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease but also in other disease areas like gastroenterology, cardiology, oncology, pre/post operatively and obstetrics’ and gynecology. Parenteral iron formulations represent colloidal systems in the lower nanometer size range which have traditionally been shown to consist of an iron core surrounded by a carbohydrate shell. In this publication, we for the first time describe the novel matrix structure of iron isomaltoside 1000 which differs from the traditional picture of an iron core surrounded by a carbohydrate. Despite some structural similaritie…
Structural characterization of iron oxide/hydroxide nanoparticles in nine different parenteral drugs for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia by …
2013
Drug products containing iron oxide and hydroxide nanoparticles (INPs) are important for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia. Pharmaceuticals prepared by the complexation of different kinds of INPs and carbohydrates have different physicochemical and biopharmaceutic characteristics. The increasing number of parenteral non-biological complex drugs (NBCD) containing iron requires physicochemical methods for characterization and enabling of cross comparisons. In this context the structure and the level of crystallinity of the iron phases may be connected to the in vitro and in vivo dissolution rates, which etiologically determine the therapeutic and toxic effects. X-ray powder diffraction…
3D and multispectral imaging for subcutaneous veins detection.
2009
The first and perhaps most important phase of a surgical procedure is the insertion of an intravenous (IV) catheter. Currently, this is performed manually by trained personnel. In some visions of future operating rooms, however, this process is to be replaced by an automated system. Experiments to determine the best NIR wavelengths to optimize vein contrast for physiological differences such as skin tone and/or the presence of hair on the arm or wrist surface are presented. For illumination our system is composed of a mercury arc lamp coupled to a 10nm band-pass spectrometer. A structured lighting system is also coupled to our multispectral system in order to provide 3D information of the p…
Isosorbide dinitrate: pharmacokinetics after intravenous administration.
1982
Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) is an important organic nitrate found therapeutically useful in its sublingual and oral forms in various cardiovascular diseases such as angina pectoris (1) and congestive heart failure (2). Recently Distante et al. (3) showed that an intravenous infusion of this drug, at 0.021–0.083 mg/min is also effective in managing unstable angina. The availability of an intravenous dosage form of ISDN not only affords the opportunity to characterize the pharmacokinetics of this drug after this particular mode of therapy, but also gives the possibility of assessing the bio-availability of this drug after other (e.g., oral) routes of administration in patients. This latter po…
Implementation and microbiological stability of dose-banded ganciclovir infusion bags prepared in series by a robotic system.
2018
Objectives The implementation of dose-banding (DB) in centralised, pharmacy-based cytotoxic drug preparation units allows the preparation of standardised doses in series. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of DB for the prescribing of ganciclovir (GV) infusion solutions and to investigate the microbiological stability of dose-banded, automatically prepared ready-to-administer GV infusion bags by media-fill simulation tests and sterility tests. Methods The frequency of prescription of GV doses was retrospectively analysed before and after implementing the DB scheme. Four dose-ranges or ‘bands’ and the corresponding standard doses (250, 300, 350, 400 mg) were identified. Th…
Assessment of the bioactivity of creosote-contaminated sediment by liver biotransformation system of rainbow trout.
1999
A sediment site in the Lake Jamsanvesi (municipality of Petajavesi, Finland) contaminated by creosote was investigated to assess the possible ecotoxicological risks it may cause to benthic animals, including ones which may arise due to physical measures in remediating the site. It is suggested that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are bioavailable to fish and other aquatic animals during exposure to contaminated water, sediment, and food. In order to assess toxicological risks of sediment contents to fish, juvenile rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) were intraperitoneally dosed with extracts of the creosote-contaminated sediments and their elutriates. This was compared to pristine …