Search results for "Ingredient"
showing 10 items of 869 documents
Is maternal thyroid hormone deposition subject to a trade-off between self and egg because of iodine?
2021
ABSTRACT Maternal hormones constitute a key signalling pathway for mothers to shape offspring phenotype and fitness. Thyroid hormones (THs; triiodothyronine, T3; and thyroxine, T4) are metabolic hormones known to play crucial roles in embryonic development and survival in all vertebrates. During early developmental stages, embryos exclusively rely on exposure to maternal THs, and maternal hypothyroidism can cause severe embryonic maldevelopment. The TH molecule includes iodine, an element that cannot be synthesised by the organism. Therefore, TH production may become costly when environmental iodine availability is low. This may yield a trade-off for breeding females between allocating the …
Guidance for the risk assessment of the presence at low level of genetically modified plant material in imported food and feed under Regulation (EC) …
2017
Abstract This document provides guidance for the risk assessment under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 of the unintended, adventitious or technically unavoidable presence in food and feed of low level of genetically modified plant material intended for markets other than in the European Union. In this context, the presence at low level is defined to be maximum 0.9% of genetically modified plant material per ingredient. This guidance is intended to assist applicants by indicating which scientific requirements of Annex II of Regulation (EU) No 503/2013 are considered necessary for the risk assessment of the presence at low levels of genetically modified plant material in food and feed.
Nonchemical weeding of medicinal and aromatic plants
2013
International audience; Medicinal and aromatic plants are major crops of domestic and industrial interest. Medicinal and aromatic plants are increasingly organically grown to enhance profitability. However, the presence of weeds may lead to a decrease in both yield and quality. Therefore, nonchemical methods of weed control are needed. In this study, mechanical weeding, flaming, stale seedbed, and biodegradable mulch were tested from 2003/2004 to 2006/2007 on coriander, fennel, and psyllium. Biomass and seed yield were measured. The biomass of weeds remaining at harvest was also measured. Results show a high sensitivity of coriander, fennel, and psyllium crops to the presence of weeds. Stal…
History of chemical weeding from 1944 to 2011 in France: Changes and evolution of herbicide molecules
2012
International audience; Herbicide development in France has been analysed from a historical and agronomical perspective. A database was built up from data collected from the archives of the Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries and from French phytosanitary compendia edited since 1961 by the Association de Coordination Technique Agricole. Only herbicides used in cultivated areas were retained. The first organic synthetic herbicides were registered on cereals after the Second World War. Since 1944, a total of 225 herbicidal active ingredients have been registered in France. The number of active ingredients regularly increased with a maximum of 138 in 2002; 104 were still authorized in 2…
Potential of Propolis Extract as a Natural Antioxidant and Antimicrobial in Gelatin Films Applied to Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fillets
2020
Usage of edible films and coatings alone or incorporated with natural extracts are a new approach to preservation and packaging of food. In this study, therefore, the microbiological, chemical quality, and sensorial changes of rainbow trout fillets coated with gelatin films supplemented with propolis extract (PE) (2, 8, 16%), as a source of polyphenols, were determined during 15 days of refrigerated storage (4 ±
Retention of aroma compounds by carbohydrates: Influence of their physicochemical characteristics and of their physical state a review
1998
Many aroma compounds, used to flavor food products, are used in a solid state, after encapsulation. Carbohydrates are the most common matrices used to entrap these volatiles. It has been observed that depending on the aroma compound and the carrier, efficiency can vary. This article reviews the influence of physicochemical properties of both the volatiles and the carriers on retention. The latter depends on the functional groups of the aroma compound. Moreover, it increases with molecular weight and decreases with the polarity and relative volatility of the aroma compound. This behavior can be explained by the effect of these properties on the diffusion of the aroma compound through the mat…
The ormer (Haliotis tuberculata): A new, promising paleoclimatic tool
2015
International audience; This study aimed to investigate the environmental controls on the oxygen isotope composition of shells of the European abalone, Haliotis tuberculata. Seasonal delta O-18 profiles from the outer prismatic layer of four abalone shells, collected live in northwest Brittany (France) in 2002 and 2012, were compared to local temperatures and salinities. According to the findings herein, delta O-18 variations in abalone shells corresponded to seasonal variations, and thus, shell composition represented a reliable tool for aging and growth studies. Seawater temperatures estimated from the abalone collected in 2012 reflected the in situ measured temperatures, but the reconstr…
Identification of Two Carbonic Anhydrases in the Mantle of the European Abalone Haliotis tuberculata (Gastropoda, Haliotidae): Phylogenetic Implicati…
2012
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) represent a diversified family of metalloenzymes that reversibly catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide. They are involved in a wide range of functions, among which is the formation of CaCO(3) skeletons in metazoans. In the shell-forming mantle tissues of mollusks, the location of the CA catalytic activity is elusive and gives birth to contradicting views. In the present paper, using the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata, a key model gastropod in biomineralization studies, we identified and characterized two CAs (htCA1 and htCA2) that are specific of the shell-forming mantle tissue. We analyzed them in a phylogenetic context. Combining various approaches, inc…
Antiviral and antioxidant properties of active alginate edible films containing phenolic extracts
2018
In this work, novel active edible films having antiviral activity were developed through the solvent casting method. Emulsified edible films were prepared by adding lipids into alginate films in order to improve their water vapour permeability. In addition, two natural extracts rich in phenolic compounds, specifically a green tea extract (GTE) and a grape seed extract (GSE) were used as active agents. Interestingly, incorporating GTE or GSE within the biopolymer matrix, the films exhibited significant antiviral activity against murine norovirus (MNV) and hepatitis A virus (HAV) since ∼2 log reduction were recorded for the 0.75 g extract/g alginate in the film, being GTE more efficient than …
Effects of food abundance and early clutch predation on reproductive timing in a high Arctic shorebird exposed to advancements in arthropod abundance.
2016
12 pages; International audience; Climate change may influence the phenology of organisms unequally across trophic levels and thus lead to phenological mismatches between predators and prey. In cases where prey availability peaks before reproducing predators reach maximal prey demand, any negative fitness consequences would selectively favor resynchronization by earlier starts of the reproductive activities of the predators. At a study site in northeast Greenland, over a period of 17 years, the median emergence of the invertebrate prey of Sanderling Calidris alba advanced with 1.27 days per year. Yet, over the same period Sanderling did not advance hatching date. Thus, Sanderlings increasin…