Search results for "Ingredient"
showing 10 items of 869 documents
In vitro shoot organogenesis from excised immature cotyledons and microcuttings production in Stone Pine
1994
Adventitious buds were induced on isolated immature cotyledons of Pinus pinea L. in the presence of benzyladenine (BA). The response to different BA concentrations also depended upon the culture medium used (modified MS, SH and GD). A wide range of BA concentrations (5, 25 or 50 μM) can be applied to the GD and SH media, which are the media with the lower nitrogen content, without damaging effects. In the MS medium, which has the highest nitrogen concentration, the range of BA that can be applied was narrower and the highest BA concentration was lethal. The addition of indolebutyric acid (0.05, 0.25 or 0.5 μM) to the induction medium, decreased the response of cotyledons. The increase in th…
Chitosomes as drug delivery systems for C-phycocyanin: preparation and characterization.
2010
The aim of this work was to investigate chitosomes, i.e. liposomes coated by a polyelectrolyte complex between chitosan (CH) and xantan gum (XG), as potential delivery system for oral administration of the protein C-phycocyanin. To this purpose several CH-XG-microcomplexes were prepared in aqueous lactic acid at different chitosan-xanthan gum percent ratios and rheological properties of the microcomplexes were studied to analyse the contribution of chitosan and xanthan gum in the reaction of microcomplexation. After establishing the best microcomplexes, chitosomes were prepared by coating C-phycocyanin loaded liposomes with the CH-XG hydrogels using spray-drying or freeze-drying. The chitos…
Redescription of Bedotella armata from Biscay Bay, northern Spain, the type species of Bedotella Stechow, 1913 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Lafoeidae), with …
2007
The circalittoral and bathyal genus Bedotella, comprising a unique known species endemic to the North European Atlantic (Lusitanian Province), Bedotella armata (Pictet, C. & M. Bedot, 1900) is redescribed based on a specimen from the Bay of Biscay, North Spain. As the holotype of the species, originally described as Campanularia armata, is sterile and incomplete, the present re-description includes new data concerning its morphometry, including gonothecae, and cnidom, as well as all the literature. The diagnostic characters of Bedotella armata are the presence of globular nematothecae, the campanuliform hydrothecae, and flabelliform, gigantic gonothecae. We corroborate the hypotheses of aff…
Molecular phylogeny of Atripliceae (Chenopodioideae, Chenopodiaceae): Implications for systematics, biogeography, flower and fruit evolution, and the…
2011
Premise of the study : Atripliceae (Chenopodiaceae), including Atriplex (300 spp.) as the largest genus of the family, are an ecologically important group of steppes and semideserts worldwide. Relationships in Atripliceae are poorly understood due to obscure and potentially convergent morphological characters. Methods : Using sequence variation of two chloroplast markers ( rbcL gene, atpB-rbcL spacer) and one nrDNA marker (ITS) analyzed with BEAST, we investigated the systematics and biogeography of Atripliceae. We surveyed fl ower morphology and fruit anatomy to study the evolution of fland fruits in the tribe. Key results : Female fl owers with persistent foliar cover (the diagnosti…
Revision of coelotine spiders from Nepal (Araneae:Amaurobiidae)
2009
Coelotine spiders from Nepal are studied based on collections from the Himalaya Expeditions of J. Martens carried out in the years 1969, 1970, 1973, 1980, 1983, 1988 and 1995. In total, 38 Nepalese species of the genus Draconarius Ovtchinnikov, 1999 are described, including 35 new species. These are: D. beloniforis, sp. nov. (♂), D. bifarius, sp. nov. (♂), D. brevikarenos, sp. nov. (♀), D. capitellus, sp. nov. (♀), D. communis, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. condocephalus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. confusus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. contiguus, sp. nov. (♀), D. cylindratus, sp. nov. (♀), D. dapaensis, sp. nov. (♂), D. distinctus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. dorsicephalus, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. gorkhaensis, sp. nov. (♂♀), D. gurkha (…
Phylogeny of Early Cretaceous spatangoids (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) and taxonomic implications
2004
A phylogenetic analysis of 36 species provides a test for the taxonomy and the history of Early Cretaceous spatangoids. Most taxonomic units from genera to suborders are consistent with the proposed phylogenetic framework. We retain Hemiasterina, Micrasterina, Hemiasteridae, Schizasteridae, Hemiaster, Heteraster, Mecaster, and Periaster as original monophyletic groups. However, all of these clades originate without the classical apomorphies normally ascribed to them. We suggest a revision of their diagnoses and of the generic attributions of basal species. Some ill-defined, ‘primitive’, and paraphyletic taxa are recognised: Toxaster, Epiaster, Palhemiaster, and Toxasteridae. Even if they do…
THE DEMOSPONGE GENUS LEPTOMITUS and A NEW SPECIES FROM THE MIDDLE CAMBRIAN OF SPAIN
2007
Forty-five specimens of Leptomitus conicus sp. nov. have been collected from the base of the Murero Formation (Caesaraugustan, Middle Cambrian) in the Murero area of Zaragoza, north-east Spain. The new species is a small obconical sponge, which has coarse oxeas forming parallel rods that run the whole length of the specimens in the man- ner typical of the genus. The biostratigraphy and facies of the levels with Leptomitus conicus have been analysed. Palaeoeco- logical information derived from associated trilobites, brachio- pods and ichnofossils shows that L. conicus lived in a soft substrate of a sublittoral environment of low to low ⁄ moderate energy. According to established Cambrian pal…
Lights and shadows of the Taenia asiatica life cycle and pathogenicity.
2013
Humans are definitive hosts of two well-known species of the Taenia genus, Taenia solium (the pig tapeworm) and Taenia saginata (the cattle tapeworm). In the 1990s, a third species, Taenia asiatica, was discovered, sharing features with the other two since the adult morphology is similar to that of T. saginata, but its life cycle is like that of T. solium. Human taeniasis usually is asymptomatic or displays mild symptoms, and only T. solium can cause other sometimes serious disorders when humans accidentally ingest the eggs and develop the larval stage in different organs (cysticercosis). In this review, we expose what we currently know (lights) and what we do not yet know (shadows) about t…
Potamogeton pusillus agg. in Tajikistan (Middle Asia)
2011
The locality of <em>Potamogeton berchtoldii</em> Fieber, the new species to the flora of Tajikistan (Middle Asia), together with its ecological conditions are presented. Additionally, the list of herbarium specimens of <em>P. pusillus</em> L. s. stricto gathered in Tajikistan and few specimens of <em>P. berchtoldii</em> collected from the area of adjacent countries are also provided. Taxonomical position of the species within the <em>Potamogeton pusillus</em> aggregation, the main morphological features of both taxa and possibility of finding other localities are discussed.
Bioactive compounds and quality of extra virgin olive oil
2020
Background: Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is responsible for a large part of many health benefits associated to Mediterranean diet as it is a fundamental ingredient of this diet. The peculiarities of this golden, highly valued product are in part due to the requirements that must be met to achieve this title, namely, it has to be obtained using exclusively mechanical procedures, its free acidity cannot be greater than 0.8%, it must not show sensory defects, and it has to possess a fruity taste. Methods: All these characteristics are key factors to EVOO quality, thus the chemical composition of these many health-promoting compounds, such as unsaturated fatty acids (which are also the major c…